Objective of research. Data on the species composition of the fauna of multicellular parasites and the infection rates of the pope ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus Linnaeus, 1758 from Mordovian floodplain of the Saratov reservoir (the middle part) are pesented. Materials and methods. 53 ruffe individuals were investigated in spring and summer 2012 – 2015 by incomplete parasitological post-mortem examination (Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya, 1985). 19 species of multicellular parasites belonging to 7 classes: Monogenea - 1, Cestoda - 1, Trematoda - 11, Nematoda - 3, Acanthocephala - 1, Bivalvia - 1, Crustacea – 1 were registered. The largest group are flukes; more than half of species (8) are larval forms, which is the result of bottom living of the host. The significant diversity of larval stages of helminths (8 species of trematodes and 2 species of nematodes) shows the involvement of the ruffe as an intercalary, supplementary and/or reservoir host in the circulation of parasites in fish, birds and mammals. 7 species of parasites infest the ruffe on the food chain; 12 species – using the active infestation way. Results and discussion. The studied parasite fauna contains one species narrowly specific for the ruffe (monogenea D. amphibothrium (Wagener, 1857) and 2 species typical for percoid fishes (cestoda Proteocephalus percae (Müller, 1780) and trematoda Bunodera luciopercae (Müller, 1776). 2 alien species Nicolla skrjabini (Iwanitzky, 1928) (marita) and Apophallus muehlingi (Jägerskiöld, 1898) (mtc.) whose natural habitat is limited by the rivers of the Azov-Black Sea and Baltic Sea were registered in the fauna of multicellular parasites of the ruffe from the Saratov reservoir. The most common ruffe parasites are Diplostomum and Ichthyocotylurus metacercariae metacercaria infesting fish by penetrating through the body covers. These metacercariae as well as Apophallus muehlingi metacercariae are pathogenic to fish.
ruffe, Gymnocephalus cernuus, parasite fauna, Saratov reservoir.
Введение
Внимание ихтиологов к обыкновенному ершу (Gymnocephalus cernuus Linnaeus, 1758) в последние годы все более возрастает. Ерш чрезвычайно обилен, экологически пластичен и имеет широкое географическое распространение. Его ареал включает разнотипные водоемы Евразии, за исключением Средиземного моря, Западной Франции, Испании, Португалии, части Скандинавии и части Великобритании [29], а также Крыма, Закавказья, бассейна оз. Байкал и р. Амур [19].
В последние десятилетия в результате случайных интродукций ерш появился в Великих Североамериканских озерах (Верхнее и Гурон) [30] и в некоторых водоемах Европы, где ранее не был отмечен [28]. Подобные вселения новых видов гидробионтов, или «биологическое загрязнение» [1], зачастую имеют неблагоприятные последствия для пресноводных экосистем, в том числе из-за возможности возникновения эпизоотий аборигенных видов рыб вследствие привнесения в водоемы чужеродных видов паразитов [1, 2, 20].
Исследование паразитов обыкновенного ерша в разных точках его ареала является перспективным и актуальным направлением. Ерш, наряду с другими «малоценными» видами, составляет основу рациона хищных промысловых рыб и рыбоядных птиц, исполняя роль промежуточного хозяина в цикле развития многих гельминтов. Особый интерес представляет изучение зараженности ерша и в контексте проблемы «биологического загрязнения экосистем», среди компонентов которого значительное место занимают паразитические виды.
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