Object of study: Studies of lung helminths from various groups were performed. Elaboration of biological and taxonomic classification of these species has been proposed. Materials and methods: 16 species from families Cervidae, Bovidae, Leporidae and humans were studied for lung helminths in Russia (South and central), Armenia, Bulgaria, Poland. The helminths found were studied using a scope of traditional and elaborated helminthological methods. Results and discussion: In lungs of mammals studied 23 helminth species have been found including 1 of Taeniidae (Echinococcus granulosus), 4 of Dictyocaulidae and 18 of Protostrongylidae. We have divided species composition of these lung helminths into three biological groups. The first biological group included nematodes from Dictyocaulidae family. Life cycles of those helminths are monoxenous (they are geohelminths). The second group includes helminths from family Protostrongylidae. Their life cycles include intermediate hosts — land snails and so they are dixenous (biohelminths). The third group includes an agent of a quite dangerous zoonosis — Echinococcus granulosis larvae. These cestodes also develop per dixenous type, but their intermediate hosts are vertebrates with definitive hosts also vertebrate, mostly carnivores. Taxonomic classification for family Protostrongylidae haelminths is also proposed.
biological diversity, lung helminths, definitive hosts, intermediate hosts, geographical distributions, zoonoses.
Introduction
The results of our studies on biological diversity of animal (and human) lung helminths had been partially published in articles presenting some fragments on biological diversity of lung helminthes and helminthoses. E.g., the article (Movsesyan et al., 2014) gives data on a character of sheep infections with Protostrongylidae in Armenia depending on natural landscape zones, results of these studies has also been presented at BIT’s 5th Annual World Congress of Microbes — 2015 (Shanghai, China) and published as abstract in the Congress’ Proceedings (Movsesyan, 2015).
It had been established that protostrongylosis, mulleriosis, cystocaulosis are widely distributed in Armenia and are registered at all natural landscape zones in animals of all ages. In 20-25% of cases protostrongyloidoses cause associated lung infections (Movsesyan et al., 2009).
Material on biological development cycles of Protostrongylidae had been presented in works (Movsesyan et al., 2010; Panayotova-Pencheva, Movsesyan, 2012) which show many land mollusk species serving as intermediate hosts for these nematodes.
Development cycles, distribution and epizootology of animal Protostrongylidae were given in the article by Panayotova-Pencheva et al. (2012). It shows part various vertebrate and invertebrate species play as definitive and intermediate hosts, respectively.
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