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Dubna, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Association of Medical Physicists of Russia ( President)
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Russian Federation
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Russian Federation
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UDK 61 Медицина. Охрана здоровья
GRNTI 76.03 Медико-биологические дисциплины
GRNTI 76.33 Гигиена и эпидемиология
OKSO 14.04.02 Ядерные физика и технологии
OKSO 31.06.2001 Клиническая медицина
OKSO 32.08.12 Эпидемиология
OKSO 31.08.08 Радиология
BBK 51 Социальная гигиена и организация здравоохранения. Гигиена. Эпидемиология
BBK 534 Общая диагностика
TBK 5708 Гигиена и санитария. Эпидемиология. Медицинская экология
TBK 5712 Медицинская биология. Гистология
TBK 5734 Медицинская радиология и рентгенология
TBK 6212 Радиоактивные элементы и изотопы. Радиохимия
Purpose: Estimation of the 60Co γ‑ray effect on the neuromediator exchange dynamics in the brain of rats of different age groups. Material and methods: 20 male Sprague‑Dawley rats with the weight of 190–210 g were used in the experiment. At the age of two months, animals were exposed to a single whole‑body irradiation with 60Co γ‑rays at the dose of 1 Gy. In 30 and 90 days after exposure, rats we killed by decapitation. The animals were tested at three and five months of age, respectively. The neuromediator exchange dynamics was estimated by measuring the concentrations of monoamines (dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin) and their metabolites in four brain regions including prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and striatum. The levels of substances were assessed using the high‑performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The results of measurements were statistically analyzed with the one‑way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Although the direct measurements seeking for changes at the same time points revealed a little effect of γ‑rays on the monoamine metabolism, age‑related dynamics of the neuromediator exchange was affected in many aspects. The most pronounced in alterations in the two‑month monoamine exchange dynamics were observed in the prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus and hippocampus. It indicates the sensitivity of these brain structures to the action of γ‑rays at doses about 1 Gy. In the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus, radiation exposure affected dopamine and serotonin regulations in the manner that may indicate suppression of catecholamine degrading pathways dependent on monoamine oxidases A and B against the activation of metabolic processes associated with catechol‑O‑methyltransferase. The prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus additionally exhibited an accelerated decrease in levels of some neuromediators, as compared to the dynamics normally observed beyond the age of three months. At the same time, our study identified a resistance of striatal metabolic pathways to irradiation with γ‑rays at the stated dose. A comparison of the obtained data with results of our previous experiments investigating the action of accelerated carbon ions confirmed our expectations that the effect of γ‑rays on the dynamics of the neuromediator exchange is less pronounced than from heavy nuclei. Conclusion: Made a hypothesis that, in the case of heavy ion exposure, more pronounced alterations in brain mediator systems lead to more intensive compensatory and regenerative processes in them. Consequently, it may change the normal dynamics of neuromediator exchange in the investigated post‑irradiation periods and serve a reason not only for decrease but also for an abnormal increase in levels of monoamines and their metabolites after exposure. In general, results of the performed study contribute to understanding the neurotoxic effect of γ‑rays in comparison with other radiation modalities that can potentially be useful for predicting late outcomes of cranial radiation therapy.
central nervous system, ionizing radiations, late effects, monoamines, metabolites
В последние годы накапливаются данные, свидетельствующие о высокой чувствительности отдельных элементов центральной нервной системы (ЦНС) к повреждающему действию ионизирующей радиации. Актуальность изучения разнообразных нейрорадиобиологических эффектов определяется рядом научно-практических задач, среди которых важное место занимает планирование сеансов радиотерапии и радиохирургии, обеспечение радиационной безопасности персонала, работающего в полях излучений физических установок, подготовка межпланетных пилотируемых полётов.
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