from 01.01.2018 until now
Pushkino, Moscow, Russian Federation
Pushkino, Moscow, Russian Federation
The cultivation of seedlings in forest tree nurseries for reforestation and afforestation is an important task of forestry. For sowing seeds of coniferous species in forest nurseries seeder with coil sowing machines are used, which do not provide the desired uniformity of seeding and damage seeds when sowing. Pin sowing machines allow you to eliminate these drawbacks, so research process is interested for forestry. As a result of the research of the process of sowing seeds of conifers by sowing machines with pin metering apparatus, formulas for determination of its angular velocity and rotational speed of the drive of furrow making roller. Formulas to determine seeding rate are proposed, taking into account constructive parameters of seeding machine and size of pins. It is noted that the increase in height and width of pins and also fill factor and number of rows of pins leads to the increase in standards; and increase in gear ratio of the actuator causes its decrease. Uneven supply of seed increases with increased size of pins, so thickness of pins is recommended to be minimum one, taking into account its sufficient strength. Conducted analytical research of the process of work of pin sowing unit enabled to obtain the necessary expressions for calculating structural and technological parameters of the forest sowing machine for sowing seeds of coniferous species in forest nurseries.
planting machine, sowing machine, rotation speed, seeds, seeding rate, drive, furrow making roller
Основной технологической операцией при выращивании посадочного материала в лесных питомниках является посев семян, который оказывает существенное влияние как на расход семян, так и на качественные показатели сеянцев [1, 2, 3, 4]. Для высева семян хвойных пород применяются сеялки с катушечными высевающими аппаратами, заимствованными от зерновых и травяных сельскохозяйственных сеялок [7, 8, 10, 11]. Эти высевающие аппараты имеют ряд существенных недостатков, основными из которых являются неравномерность высева и повреждение семян, особенно при установке минимальной нормы высева. В настоящее время в сельскохозяйственном производстве для посева мелких семян овощных культур применяются штифтовые высевающие аппараты. Эти высевающие аппараты исключают повреждение семян, и их конструктивная особенность заключается в широкой возможности регулирования нормы высева путем изменения частоты вращения [5, 6, 8, 9].
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