COMPARING THE MAIN OSCILLATION CHARACTERISTICS IN THE SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE AND MAGNETOSPHERE BASED ON STUDIES MADE IN ISTP SB RAS
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Abstract (English):
The aim of this paper is to structure and extend the knowledge of solar chromospheric sources of oscillations in the solar wind and their relationships with pulsations registered in the magnetosphere. We compare the oscillation spectra that we observe using instruments of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics in different chromospheric structures with those observed in the solar wind and magnetosphere. We explore the possibility that the observed periodic variations of the chromospheric line widths can be interpreted as torsional Alfvén wave manifestation—this mode can propagate long distances without dissipating in the interplanetary space; it can penetrate into Earth’s magnetosphere directly or due to processes occurring at the plasmapause. We emphasize the similarities in the oscillation characteristics observed in different media, the similarities in the parameters of the media themselves and the processes developing in them. We believe that similar approaches can be applied to studying these media.

Keywords:
solar faculae, sunspots, MHD waves, magnetosphere
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ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Как известно, магнитогидродинамические (МГД) волны — один из механизмов переноса энергии в гелиосфере. Они наблюдаются во всех ее областях, от фотосферы до атмосферы Земли.

Во всех слоях солнечной атмосферы наблюдается богатое разнообразие периодов и МГД-мод. Для объектов различных типов накоплен огромный наблюдательный материал. В этой работе мы в основном используем наблюдаемые в верхней хромосфере волны, поскольку они имеют бо́льшую вероятность влияния на процессы в солнечном ветре (СВ), в отличие, например, от фотосферных колебаний, которые, как известно, в некоторых случаях могут быть запертыми в ограниченном диапазоне высот без возможности проникновения в верхнюю атмосферу.

Колебания в верхней атмосфере Земли и в магнитосфере изучаются также в течение продолжи-тельного времени. Среди механизмов, приводящих к генерации ультранизкочастотных (УНЧ) волн в магнитосфере Земли, одно из ключевых мест занимает впервые предложенный авторами работы [Гульельми, Троицкая, 1973] механизм прямого проникнове-ния волн из СВ через магнитопаузу [Mazur, 2010; Greenstadt et al., 1983]. В работах [Kessel, 2008; Takahashi, Ukhorskiy, 2007, 2008] колебания давления СВ рассматриваются как основной источник длиннопериодных пульсаций в магнитосфере.

Мы исследуем свойства колебаний, наблюдаемых в хромосфере и СВ с целью найти связь между ними. Эта работа основывается на наблюдательных результатах предыдущих исследований, выполненных в Институте солнечно-земной физики и касающихся геомагнитных колебаний, связанных с МГД-колебаниями в верхней хромосфере Солнца.

Мы делаем акцент на исследованиях, проведенных для ряда структур солнечной атмосферы в различных спектральных линиях, которые формируются в большом диапазоне высот.

Рассматриваются характеристики колебаний лучевой скорости, интенсивности и ширины профилей. Описания методов измерений можно найти в [Kobanov, 1985, 2001]. В этой работе мы анализиру-ем возможные проявления торсионных (крутильных) альфвеновских волн, характеризуемых вращательными движениями сегментов магнитной трубки. Альфвеновские волны могут распространяться на большие расстояния с минимальным рассеянием, проходя из хромосферы через корону в СВ и достигая Земли. С другой стороны, в работе [Cranmer, van Ballegooijen, 2005] показано, что переходная зона может отражать значительную часть альфвеновских волн в широком диапазоне периодов. Выше, в межпланетном пространстве отражение существенно только для периодов порядка десятков часов и больше. В наших предыдущих работах мы наблюдали периодические вариации ширины хромосферных линий, которые могут быть интерпретированы как проявления крутильных альфвеновских волн в разных структурах солнечной атмосферы. Следующий этап состоит в том, чтобы проследить динамику этих волн в СВ и магнитосфере Земли после того, как они были сгенерированы в хромосфере Солнца.

Ниже мы приводим краткое описание характеристик периодических колебаний на Солнце и в магнитосфере Земли, обнаруженных в наших наблюдательных данных.

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