Russian Federation
Russian Federation
V nastoyaschee vremya v usloviyah konkurenciilesopromyshlennye predpriyatiya dlya svoego razvitiya vynuzhdeny postoyanno investirovat' v novuyu tehniku i proizvodstvennoe oborudovanie,a takzhe modernizirovat' tehnologicheskie processy. Rastut proizvodstvennye moschnosti predpriyatiy lesopromyshlennogo kompleksa. Vmeste s tem na pererabatyvayuschih predpriyatiyah ostro oschuschaetsya nehvatka drevesnogo syr'ya. Pri etom lesosyr'evaya baza ispol'zuetsya ne optimal'no. V nastoyaschee vremya v Arhangel'skoy oblasti ob'emy lesozagotovok dohodyat lish' do poloviny ob'emov raschetnoy lesoseki, kotoraya sostavlyaet, po razlichnym ocenkam, okolo dvadcati mln.m3. Dlya vyvozki zagotovlennyh kruglyh lesomaterialov ispol'zuyutsya razlichnye vidy transporta (avtomobil'nyy, zheleznodorozhnyy, rechnoy). Na rasstoyaniyah do 300 km samymi optimal'nymi yavlyayutsya avtomobil'nye perevozki. Dannyy vid transporta obladaet neosporimymi preimuschestvami, osnovnymi iz kotoryh yavlyayutsya kratchayshie sroki perevozki i dostavka po principu «ot dveri do dveri». Dorozhnaya set' v usloviyah ogromnoy territorii RF razvita slabo, chto yavlyaetsya dlya lesnyh predpriyatiy osnovnoy prichinoy ogranichennyh ob'emov zagotovki kruglyh lesomaterialov. Eto privodit k tomu, chto lesosechnyy fond, nahodyaschiysya vblizi lesnyh dorog i lesnyh proezdov istoschen. Dorozhnuyu set' neobhodimo razvivat', no v sovremennoy ekonomicheskoysituaciilesozagotovitel'nym predpriyatiyam sdelat' eto krayne slozhno. Dlya povysheniya ob'emov lesozagotovki neobhodimo razvivat' tehnologii perevozki kruglyh lesomaterialov po estestvennym transportnym arteriyam – rekam. Pri etom naibolee ekonomicheski celesoobraznym i zarekomendovavshim sebya yavlyaetsya metod splava v lesotransportnyh edinicah. V proshlye gody pri rascvete molevogo splava shiroko ispol'zovalis' malye i srednie reki, kotorye v nastoyaschee vremya isklyucheny iz logisticheskih marshrutov postavok kruglyh lesomaterialovvvidu nedostatochnyh dlya proplava gabaritov lesosplavnogo hoda. Dlya ih zadeystvovaniyai tem samym rasshireniya transportnoy seti neobhodimo optimizirovat' imeyuschiesya tehnologii splotki kruglyh lesomaterialov. V stat'e proanalizirovany razrabotki sovremennyhkonstrukciy splotochnyh edinic maloy osadki, privedeny rezul'taty issledovaniy gidrodinamicheskih harakteristik edinic ploskoy splotki i splotochnyh edinic iz puchkov, proanalizirovany rezul'taty polnogo faktornogoeksperimenta dlya opredeleniya gidrodinamicheskogo soprotivleniya dvizheniyu splotochnyh edinic.
splotochnaya edinica, opyt, soprotivlenie, faktor, modelirovanie
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