employee
, Russian Federation
employee
Russian Federation
employee
Russian Federation
VAC 14.02.2004 Медицина труда
VAC 14.03.2000 Медико-биологические науки
UDK 61 Медицина. Охрана здоровья
GRNTI 76.01 Общие вопросы медицины и здравоохранения
GRNTI 76.03 Медико-биологические дисциплины
GRNTI 76.29 Клиническая медицина
OKSO 14.02.02 Радиационная безопасность
OKSO 31.07.01 Клиническая медицина
OKSO 32.08.09 Радиационная гигиена
BBK 53 Клиническая медицина в целом
BBK 54 Клиническая медицина
BBK 56 Клиническая медицина
BBK 57 Клиническая медицина
BBK 58 Прикладные отрасли медицины
TBK 5708 Гигиена и санитария. Эпидемиология. Медицинская экология
TBK 5734 Медицинская радиология и рентгенология
TBK 5778 Прикладная медицина
TBK 5779 Прочие отрасли медицины
BISAC MED080000 Radiology, Radiotherapy & Nuclear Medicine
Purpose: To assess cataract type specific risks in a cohort of workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over prolonged periods. Material and methods: The present retrospective cohort study included 22,377 workers first employed at a nuclear production facility in 1948–1982 and followed up till the end of 2008. By the end of the follow-up period in the study worker cohort 3123 cases of cortical cataract, 1239 cases of posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) and 2033 cases of nuclear cataracts were registered over 486,245, 489,162, 492,004 person-years of follow-up, respectively. Results: The incidence of PSC, cortical and nuclear cataracts was significantly linearly associated with the cumulative radiation dose. The excess relative risk per unit dose of external gamma-ray exposure (ERR/Sv) was 0.91 (95 % CI: 0.67–1.20) for PSC, 0.63 (95 % CI: 0.49–0.76) for cortical cataracts and 0.47 (95 % CI: 0.35–0.60) for nuclear cataracts. Exclusion of an adjustment for neutron dose and inclusion of additional adjustments for body mass index and smoking index reduced ERRs/Sv for all types of cataracts. However, an additional adjustment for glaucoma increased the incidence risks of cortical and nuclear cataracts just modestly (but not for PSC). Inclusion of an adjustment for diabetes mellitus reduced the ERR/Sv of external gamma-ray exposure only for PSC incidence. Increased incidence risks of all cataract types were observed in both males and females of the study cohort, but ERR/Sv was significantly higher in females (p < 0.001), especially for PSC. Conclusion: The incidence of various types of cataracts in the cohort of workers occupationally chronically exposed to ionizing radiation was associated with the cumulative dose of external gamma-ray exposure.
ionizing radiation, chronic exposure, Mayak PA workers, posterior subcapsular cataract, cortical cataract, nuclear cataract, sex differences
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