Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
Kazan, Kazan, Russian Federation
Kazan, Kazan, Russian Federation
Kazan, Kazan, Russian Federation
employee
Ufa, Ufa, Russian Federation
Object. SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus that causes the acute respiratory infection novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Cells expressing ACE 2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2) receptors, which are present in many organs and tissues of humans, including the epithelium of the nose and mouth, are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. At the same time, hyperinflammation is characteristic of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19), with a massive production of cytokines — the so-called cytokine storm [1]. Periodontal tissues are also highly sensitive to such hyperinflammatory reactions, which makes it possible to initiate an exacerbation of chronic periodontal pathology. Objective: To determine the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 oral reproduction and exacerbation of chronic periodontal disease in patients with novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Material and methods. Study of 18 patients of the COVID-hospital (Kazan), who are undergoing hospital treatment with a diagnosis of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19)/community-acquired pneumonia, was carried out. To test SARS-CoV-2, material was sampled with special sterile swabs and pins from the nasopharynx, periodontal pocket and tongue surface (respectively). The method of polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription (RT-PCR) was used. Results. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in biomaterials from the nasopharynx, periodontal pocket and tongue surface 94.4% of patients with confirmed with new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) during acute inflammation (community-acquired pneumonia). At the same time, clinical examination showed that exacerbation of chronic generalized periodontitis was diagnosed in 100% of patients. Conclusion. It is most likely that the exacerbation of chronic generalized periodontitis in patients with novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is not associated with the reproduction of SARS-CoV-2 in the oral cavity, but is a consequence of hyperactivation of immune and inflammatory defense mechanisms.
novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19), periodontology, chronic generalized periodontitis, SARS-COV-2 in the oral cavity, exacerbation
1. Rahmati M., Moosavi M.A. Cytokine-targeted therapy in severely ill COVID-19 patients: Options and cautions // EJMO. – 2020;4(2):179-181. https://doi.org/10.14744/ejmo.2020.72142
2. Vickers C., Hales P., Kaushik V., Dick L., Gavin J., Tang J., Godbout K., Parsons T., Baronas E., Hsieh F., Acton S., Patane M., Nichols A., Tummino P. Hydrolysis of biological peptides by human angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase // The Journal of Biological Chemistry. – 2002;17(277):14838-14843. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M200581200.
3. Moore John B., June Carl H. Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19 // Science. – 2020;368(6490):473-474. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb8925.
4. Wolf J., Rose-John S., Garbers C. Interleukin-6 and its receptors: a highly regulated and dynamic system // Cytokine. – 2014;1(70):11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2014.05.024.
5. Rose-John S. IL-6 Trans-Signaling via the Soluble IL-6 Receptor: Importance for the Pro-Inflammatory Activities of IL-6 // Int J Biol Sci. – 2012;8(9):1237-1247. https://doi.org/:10.7150/ijbs.4989.
6. Zahi Badran, Alexis Gaudin, Xavier Struillou, Gilles Amador, Assem Soueidan. Periodontal pockets: A potential reservoir for SARS-CoV-2? // Med Hypotheses. – 2020;143:109907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109907
7. Turner A.J., Hiscox J.A., Hooper N.M. ACE2: from vasopeptidase to SARS virus receptor. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences journal // Cell Press. – 2004;25(6):291-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2004.04.001.
8. Hui D.S., Azhar E., Madani T.A., Ntoumi F. et al. The continuing 2019nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health — The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China // Int J Infect Dis.Feb. – 2020;91:264-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009.
9. Ferrario C.M., Trask A.J., Jessup J.A. Advances in biochemical and functional roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin-(1-7) in regulation of cardiovascular function // American Physiological Society journal. – 2005;6(289):2281-2290. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00618.2005.
10. Holub M., Lawrence D.A., Andersen N., Davidová A., Beran O., Marešová V., Chalupa P. Cytokines and Chemokines as Biomarkers of Community-Acquired Bacterial Infection // Hindawi Publishing Corporation Mediators of Inflammation. – 2013;1:7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/190145.
11. Katovich M.J., Grobe J.L., Huentelman M., Raizada M.K. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a novel target for gene therapy for hypertension // Experimental Physiology journal. – 2005;3(90):299-305. https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2004.028522.
12. Edward M. Behrens, Gary A. Koretzky. Review: Cytokine Storm Syndrome: Looking Toward the Precision Medicine Era // Arthritis & Rheumatology. – 2017;6(69):1135-1143. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.40071.
13. Harikesh S Wong, Ronald N Germain. Robust control of the adaptive immune system // PMID. – 29290544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2017.12.009.
14. Deo V., Bhongade M.L. Pathogenesis of periodontitis: role of cytokines in host response // Dent Today. – 2010;29(9):60-62. PMID:20973418
15. Glik B., Pasternak Dzh. Molekulyarnaya biotehnologiya. Principy i primenenie. Moskva : Mir. 2002:202. [B. Glik, Gzh. Pasternak. Molekulyarnaya biotekhnologiya. Principy i primenenie. Moscow : Mir. 2002:202. (In Russ.)].
16. Novikov D.K. Medicinskaya immunologiya. Vitebsk : VGMU. 2002:150. [D.K. Novikov. Medical immunology. Vitebsk : VGMU. 2002:150. (In Russ.)].
17. Chi Zhang, Zhao Wu, Jia-Wen Li, Hong Zhao, Gui-Qiang Wang. Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19: interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab may be the key to reduce mortality // Int J Antimicrob Agents. – 2020;55(5):105954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105954.
18. Matthew Z.T., Chek Meng Poh., Laurent Renia., Paul A.MacAry., Lisa F.P.Ng. Tne trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention // Nat Rev Immunol. – 2020;20(6):363-374. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8.
19. Moore J.B, June C.H. Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID -19 // Science. – 2020;368(6490):473-474. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb8925.
20. Mirgazizov M.Z. Principy diagnostiki i planirovaniya lecheniya zubochelyustnyh anomaliy s ispol'zovaniem biometricheskih metodov i obosnovanie ih primeneniya v ortodontii : diss. ... d-ra med. nauk. Kemerovo, 1978. [M.Z. Mirgazizov. The principles of diagnosis and planning of treatment of dentoalveolar anomalies using biometric methods and the rationale for their use in orthodontics : diss. ... dr. med. science. Kemerovo, 1978. (In Russ.)].
