In June 2015, zooplankton (Cladocera, Copepoda, Rotifera) of lakes Vozhe and Lacha, Svid’ River and the headwaters of the Onega River (catchment of the Onega River, White Sea basin) was examined. It was found that crustaceans (mainly the copepods Mesocyclops leuckarti and Eudiaptomus gracilis) dominated the community. The biomass of zooplankton (<1 g / m3) indicated a low food supply for fish (poorly fed water bodies), compared with the beginning of the 1970s, it decreased by 4–10 times. The composition and structure of the community characterized the ecosystem status of the Lake Vozhe as eutrophic, and Lake Lacha as mesotrophic. Changes in the structure of zooplankton over 40 years testified to the eutrophication of the ecosystem of Lake Vozhe and stabilization at the level of mesotrophy of Lake Lacha. In the lakes, the dispersal and relatively high abundance of some thermophilic species (Polyarthra luminosa, Thermocyclops crassus), indicators of eutrophic conditions that were previously absent in the community, were revealed. The productivity (14–34 cal / m2 × day) and the respiration rate of zooplankton (61–122 cal / m2 × day) of the lakes corresponded to the level of northern oligotrophic water bodies. It was shown that at the beginning of summer a significant part of the zooplankton production was consumed by planktonic predators (mainly copepods). Fishes had access to about 15% of the daily production of zooplankton in Lake Vozhe and up to 43% in Lake Lacha. A small proportion of filter feeders (30–60% of the total biomass) was recorded in the modern zooplankton of lakes. By 2015, the filtration capacity of plankton from lakes Vozhe and Lacha decreased by an order of magnitude compared to that in the 1980s. The low self-cleaning ability of lake waters is discussed as the main reason for the growing organic pollution and increased silt accumulation in their ecosystems.
lakes Vozhe and Lacha, Svid’ River, Onega River, zooplankton, composition, structure, abundance, distribution patterns, water quality assessment
1. Alyabina G.A., Sorokin I.N. Zapas veschestv na vodosbore, usloviya ih realizacii i postupleniya v ozera // Izmeneniya v sisteme “vodosbor-ozero” pod vliyaniem antropogennogo faktora. L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1983. S. 62–69.
2. Andronikova I.N. Prognoz izmeneniya zooplanktona, ocenka produktivnyh vozmozhnostey soobschestv v izmenennyh ekologicheskih usloviyah v ozerah Lacha i Vozhe pri perebroske vod iz vodohranilischa Onezhskaya guba // Otchet po teme 0.85.06. GKNT SSSR zadaniya 04.N 7 (AN SSSR institut Ozerovedeniya). L., 1986. S. 136–151.
3. Andronikova I.N. Strukturno-funkcional'naya organizaciya zooplanktona ozernyh ekosistem. SPb.: Nauka, 1996. 189 s.
4. Balushkina E.V., Vinberg G.G. Zavisimost' mezhdu dlinoy i massoy tela planktonnyh rakoobraznyh // Eksperimental'nye i polevye issledovaniya biologicheskih osnov produktivnosti ozer. L.: Zool. in-t AN SSSR, 1979. S. 58–72.
5. Bolotova N.L. Izmeneniya ekosistem melkovodnyh severnyh ozer v antropogennyh usloviyah (na primere vodoemov Vologodskoy oblasti) // Dis. dokt. biol. nauk. SPb., 1999. 55 s.
6. Bolotova N.L., Dumnich N.V., Zuyanova O.V. Vliyanie antropogennogo evtrofirovaniya na sostoyanie zooplanktocenoza ozera Vozhe // Problemy ekologicheskoy toksikologii. Petrozavodsk: KarNC RAN, 1998. S. 58–64.
7. Bolotova N.L. Razvitie ekosistem melkovodnyh ozer na territorii Vologodskoy oblasti: prirodnye i antropogennye faktory // Ekologicheskoe sostoyanie kontinental'nyh vodoemov severnyh territoriy. SPb.: Nauka, 2005. S. 105–112.
8. Borisov M.Ya. Osobennosti funkcionirovaniya sistemy “Vodosbor – ozero Vozhe” i ee vliyanie na rybnoe naselenie. Avtoref. dis. kand. nauk. Petrozavodsk, 2006. 20 s.
9. Boruckiy E.S., Stepanova L.A., Kos M.S. Opredelitel' Calanoida presnyh vod SSSR. L.: Nauka, 1991. 504 s.
10. Gidrobiologiya ozer Vozhe i Lacha. L.: Nauka, 1978. 275 s.
11. Gidrologiya ozer Vozhe i Lacha. L.: Nauka, 1979. 288 s.
12. Doklad ob osobennostyah klimata na territorii Rossiyskoy Federacii za 2012 g. M.: Rosgidromet, 2013. 86 s.
13. Doklad ob osobennostyah klimata na territorii Rossiyskoy Federacii za 2015 g. M.: Rosgidromet, 2016. 68 s.
14. Dumnich N.V., Lobunicheva E.V. Prostranstvennoe raspredelenie zooplanktona ozera Vozhe (Vologodskaya oblast') // Ozernye ekosistemy: biologicheskie processy, antropogennaya transformaciya, kachestvo vody / Tez. dokl. IV Mezhdunar. nauch. konf. (12–17 sent. 2011 g., Minsk–Naroch'). Minsk: Izd. centr BGU, 2011. S. 105.
15. Dumnich N.V., Lobunicheva E.V. Struktura i mnogoletnyaya dinamika zooplanktona ozera Vozhe (Vologodskaya obl.) // Rybohozyaystvennye vodoemy Rossii: fundamental'nye i prikladnye issledovaniya. Mater. Mezhdunar. konf., posvyaschennoy 100-letiyu GosNIORH. SPb: GosNIORH, 2014. S. 293–303.
16. Dumnich N.V. Sovremennoe sostoyanie zooplanktocenoza ozera Vozhe // Sb. nauch. rabot VGPU. Vyp. IV. Vologda: Rus', 1996. S. 214–222.
17. Zhakov L.A. Formirovanie i struktura rybnogo naseleniya ozer Severo-Zapada SSSR. M.: Nauka, 1984. 144 s.
18. Ivanova M.B. Produkciya planktonnyh rakoobraznyh v presnyh vodah. L.: Zool. in-t AN SSSR, 1985. 222 s.
19. Koplan-Diks I.S., Nazarov G.V., Kuznecov V.K. Rol' mineral'nyh udobreniy v evtrofirovanii vod sushi. L.: Nauka, 1985. 184 s.
20. Kopylov A.I., Kosolapov D.B. Bakterioplankton vodohranilisch Verhney i Sredney Volgi. M.: Izd-vo Sovremennogo gumanitarnogo un-ta, 2008. 377 s.
21. Kutikova L.A. Kolovratki fauny SSSR. L.: Nauka, 1970. 744 s.
22. Lazareva V.I. Struktura i dinamika zooplanktona Rybinskogo vodohranilischa (Pod red. A.I. Kopylova). M.: T-vo nauchn. izdaniy KMK, 2010. 183 s.
23. Lazareva V.I. Chislo vidov i taksonomicheskoe raznoobrazie v soobschestvah zooplanktona malyh ozer, podverzhennyh zakisleniyu // Zoocenozy vodoemov basseyna Verhney Volgi v usloviyah antropogennogo vozdeystviya, SPb.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1993. S. 3–19.
24. Lazareva V.I., Sokolova E.A. Dinamika i fenologiya zooplanktona krupnogo ravninnogo vodohranilischa: otklik na izmenenie klimata // Uspehi sovremennoy biologii. 2013. T. 133. № 6. S. 564–574.
25. Monakov A.V. Pitanie presnovodnyh bespozvonochnyh. M.: In-t problem ekologii i evolyucii, 1998. 321 s.
26. Monchenko V.I. Schelepnoroti ciklopopodibni. Ciklopi (Cyclopidae). Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1974. 452 s.
27. Myaemets A.H. Izmeneniya zooplanktona // Antropogennoe vozdeystvie na malye ozera. L.: Nauka, 1980. C. 54–64.
28. Ozera Lacha i Vozhe: materialy kompleksnyh issledovaniy. L.: Nauka, 1975. 35 s.
29. Ozero Kubenskoe. Ch. 1–3. L.: Nauka, 1977.
30. Opredelitel' zooplanktona i zoobentosa presnyh vod Evropeyskoy Rossii. T. 1. Zooplankton. M.: Tov-vo nauchn. izdaniy KMK, 2010. 495 s.
31. Otchet o vypolnenii nauchno-issledovatel'skoy raboty na temu: Issledovanie sostoyaniya i razrabotka nauchno obosnovannyh rekomendaciy po vosstanovleniyu urovennogo rezhima vodnoy sistemy oz. Vozhe - r. Svid' – oz. Lacha. Etap 2. Borok: In-t biologii vnutrennih vod RAN, 2015. 243 s.
32. Sovremennoe sostoyanie ekosistemy Sheksninskogo vodohranilischa. Yaroslavl': Izd-vo Yaroslavskogo gos. tehn. un-ta, 2002. 368 s.
33. Sostoyanie ekosistemy oz. Nero v nachale HHI veka. M.: Nauka, 2008. 406 s.
34. Unificirovannye metody issledovaniya kachestva vod. Ch. 3. Metody gidrobiologicheskogo analiza vod. Indikatory saprobnosti. M.: Izd-vo SEV, 1977. 91 s.
35. Lazareva V.I., Kopylov A.I. Zooplankton productivity at the peak of eutrophication of the plain reservoir ecosystem: the role of invertebrate predators // Biology Bulletin Reviews. 2011. Vol. 1. № 6. P. 542–551. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079086411060041
36. Lazareva V.I., Stolbunova V.N., Mineeva N.M., Zhdanova S.M. Features of the Structure and Spatial Distribution of Plankton in the Sheksna Reservoir // Inland Waters Biology. 2013. Vol. 6. № 3. P. 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082913030097
37. Lazareva V.I., Sokolova E.A. Metazooplankton of the Plain Reservoir during Climate Warming: Biomass and Production // Inland Water Biology. 2015. Vol. 8. № 3. P. 250–258. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082915030098
38. Ruttner-Kolisko A. Suggestion for biomass calculation of planktonic rotifers // Arch. Hydrobiol.Ergebn. Limnol. 1977. Bd. 8. P. 71–78.
