In consequence of our investigations curried out during 2009--2015 we established the connection of maximal seismic activity in South Siberia, Russian Far East and adjacent countries of central and East Asia with zones divided numerous crust blocks or lithosphere plates and blocks. The investigation was fulfilled with the main purpose of definition the most active interblock zones, distinguishing levels of the maximal seismic energy releasing in them and regularities of its dissipation. Main methods of studying were the analysis of active faults and epicenters distribution with correcting boundaries of blocks and interblock zones, the calculation of the seismic energy volume releasing in these zones with construction of deep seismic sections and graphs of energy dissipation along transects across majority of interblock zones. The most active zones coincide with boundaries such blocks as the Pamirs, Himalayas, Tien Shan, Tarim, Amurian, Japanese--Korean, North Japan, Kuril--Kamchatka and Okhotsk as well as with boundaries between some of these blocks with North Eurasian plate. The volume of energy releasing in mentioned zones reaches up to $1 \times 10^{11-15}$~J, which is not far from the seismic energy releasing in subduction zones between the Pacific plate and Eurasia. Abnormal high seismic energy releasing depends of deep continuation of plate slabs in collision and subduction zones (the Pamirs, Himalayas, Kuril--Kamchatka), intensive displacements along strike-slips and thrusts due to collision processes and deep lithosphere unhomogeneity (Tien Shan, Altai), as well as of sharp changes of geodynamic conditions because of plate movement influence and supposed mantle plumes (North Mongolia, the Baikal Region). The examination of interblock zones is closely connected with the prediction of catastrophic earthquakes' possibility in some regions of central Asia that can be demonstrated at the example of the Kultuk earthquake in South Siberia and some others.
Lithosphere plate, transit zone, block, active fault, interblock zone, high seismicity
1. Ashurkov, S. V., San'kov, V. A., Miroshnichenko, A. I., Lukhnev, A. V., Sorokin, M. P., Serov, M. A., Byzov, L. M. GPS geodetic constrains of the Amurian Plate, // Russian Geology and Geophysics, 2011. - v. 52 - no. 2 - p. 239.
2. Bao, X., Xu, M., Wang, L., Mi, N., Yu, D., Li, H. Lithospheric structure of the Ordos Block and its boundary areas inferred from Rayleigh wave dispersion, // Tectonophysics, 2011. - v. 499 - no. 1–4 - p. 132.
3. Barruol, G., Deschamps, A., Deverchere, J., Mordvinova, V. V., Ulzibat, M. Upper mantle flow beneath and around the Hangay dome, Central Mongolia, // Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2008. - v. 274 - no. 1–2 - p. 221.
4. Batalev, V. Yu., Bataleva, E. A. The lithospheric structure of the Central and Southern Tien Shan: MTS data correlated with petrology and laboratory studies of lower-crust and upper-mantle xenoliths, // Russian Geology and Geophysics, 2011. - v. 52 - no. 12 - p. 1592.
5. Bird, P. An Updated Digital Model of Plate Boundaries, // Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2003. - v. 4 - no. 3 - p. 1592.
6. Bonvalot, S., Balmino, G., Briais, A., et al. World Gravity Map - Paris: BGI-CGMW-CNES-IRD., 2012.
7. Chen, L. Lithospheric structure variations between the eastern and central North China Craton from S- and P-receiver function migration, // Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2009. - v. 173 - no. 3–4 - p. 216.
8. Copley, A. Kinematics and Dynamics of the Southeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau, // Geophysical Journal International, 2008. - v. 174 - no. 3 - p. 1081.
9. Duchkov, A. D., Zheleznyak, M. N., Ayunov, D. E., et al. Geothermal Atlas of Siberia and Far East (2009–2012) - Novosibirsk: IGM SB RAS., 2012.
10. Flesch, L. M., Holt, W. E., Silver, P. G., Stephenson, M., Wang, Ch.-Yo., Chan, W. Constraining the extent of crust-mantle coupling in central Asia using GPS, geologic, and shear wave splitting data, // Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2005. - v. 238 - no. 1–2 - p. 248.
11. Fu, Y., Zhu, W., Wang, X., Duan, W., Jiao, W. Pre-sent-day crustal deformation in China relative to ITRF1997 kinematic plate model, // Journal of Geodesy, 2002. - v. 76 - no. 4 - p. 216.
12. Gatinsky, Yu. G., Vladova, G. L., Rozhkova, V. V. Se-ismicity and Metallogeny of Convergent Plate Boundaries in Subduction Zones, // Doklady Earth Sciences, 2000. - v. 371A - no. 3 - p. 583.
13. Gatinsky, Yu. G., Rundquist, D. V. Geodynamics of Eurasia: Plate Tectonics and Block Tectonics, // Geotectonics, 2004. - v. 38 - no. 1 - p. 1.
14. Gatinsky, Yu. G., Rundquist, D. V., Tyupkin, Yu. S. Block Structure and Kinematics of Eastern and Central Asia from GPS Data, // Geotectonics, 2005. - v. 39 - no. 5 - p. 333.
15. Gatinsky, Yu. G., Vladova, G. L. Subduction zones of SE Asia: main types, seismicity and mineralization // Proceedings of the VAG International Symposium 2008, 7–9 November, Hanoi, Vietnam. Special issue of Journal of Geology: International Year of Planet Earth, \href{http://idm.gov.vn/nguon_luc/Xuat_ban/2008/b31-32/b9.htm}{http://idm.gov.vn/nguon_luc/Xuat _ban/2008/b31-32/b9.htm} - Hanoi, Vietnam: Special issue of Journal of Geology., 2008. - p. 9.
16. Gatinsky, Yu., Prokhorova, T., Rundquist, D., Vladova, G. Zones of Catastrophic Earthquakes of Central Asia: Geodynamics and Seismic Energy, // Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2009. - v. 11 - p. 9.
17. Gatinsky, Yu., Rundquist, D., Vladova, G., Prokhorova, T. Up-to-date geodynamics and seismicity of Central Asia, // International Journal of Geosciences, 2011a. - v. 2 - no. 1 - p. 1.
18. Gatinsky, Yu., Rundquist, D., Vladova, G., Prokhorova, T. Seismic-Geodynamic Monitoring of Main Electric Power-Stations in East Europe and North Asia, // International Journal of Geosciences, 2011b. - v. 2 - no. 2 - p. 75.
19. Gatinsky, Yu. G., Prokhorova, T. V. Superficial and Deep Structure of Central Asia as Example of Continental Lithosphere Heterogeneity, // Universal Journal of Geoscience, 2014a. - v. 2 - no. 2 - p. 43.
20. Gatinsky, Yu. G., Prokhorova, T. V. Reflection of central Asia block structure in modern geophysical fields // Convention [ampersand] 11th International Conference on Gondwana to Asia, Beijing, China, Sept. 20–21, 2014. IAGR Conference Series, No. 20, Astract Volume - Beijing, China: China University of Geosciences., 2014b. - p. 27.
21. Gordon, R. G. The Plate Tectonic Approximation: Plate Nonrigidity, Diffuse Plate Boundaries, and Global Plate Reconstructions, // Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1998. - v. 26 - no. 1 - p. 615.
22. Gornov, P. Yu., Goroshko, M. V., Malyshev, Yu. F., Podgornyi, V. Ya. Thermal structure of lithosphere in Central Asia and Pacific belts and their adjacent cratons, from data of geoscience transects, // Russian Geology and Geophysics, 2009. - v. 50 - no. 5 - p. 485.
23. Grachev, A. F. Modern Volcanism, Mantle Plumes, and Their Connection with the Stress Intensity in the Lithosphere // Neotectonics, Geodynamics and Seismicity of Northern Eurasia - Moscow: Probel., 2000. - p. 245.
24. Gu, Yu. J., Okeler, A., Schultz, R. Tracking slabs beneath northwestern Pacific subduction zones, // Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2012. - v. 331–332 - p. 269.
25. Heidbach, O., Tingay, M., Barth, A., Reinecker, J., Kurfess, D., Mler. B. (eds.) World Stress Map, A Project of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities - Heidelberg: Academy of Sciences and Humanities., 2008.
26. Huang, J., Zhao, D. Seismic imaging of the crust and upper mantle under Beijing and surrounding regions, // Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2009. - v. 173 - no. 3–4 - p. 330.
27. Huang, Zh., Wang, L., Zhao, D., Mi, N., Xu, M. Seismic anisotropy and mantle dynamics beneath China, // Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2011. - v. 306 - no. 1–2 - p. 105.
28. Kanamori, H., Andersen, D. L. Theoretical Basis of Some Empirical Relations in Seismology, // Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1975. - v. 65 - p. 1073.
29. Khain, V. E. Tectonics of Continents and Oceans (Year 2000) - Moscow: Scientific World., 2001. - 606 pp.
30. Kozhevnikov, V. M., Yanovskaya, T. B. S-wave velocities distribution in the lithosphere of the Asian continent after data of surface Rayleigh waves // Actual Problems of Modern Geodynamics of Central Asia, edited by K. G. Levi and S. I. Sherman - Novosibirsk: Siberian Branch RAS., 2005. - p. 46.
31. Li, Yu., Yang, Yu. Gravity data inversion for the lithospheric density structure beneath North China Craton from EGM 2008 model, // Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2011. - v. 189 - no. 1–2 - p. 9.
32. Lysak, S. V. Thermal history, geodynamics, and current thermal activity of lithosphere in China, // Russian Geology and Geophysics, 2009. - v. 50 - no. 9 - p. 815.
33. Makarov, V. I., Alekseev, D. V., Batalev, V. Y., Rybin, A. K., Shchelochkov, G. G. Underthrusting of Tarim beneath the Tien Shan and deep structure of their junction zone: Main results of seismic experiment along MANAS Profile Kashgar-Song-Köl, // Geotectonics, 2010. - v. 44 - no. 2 - p. 102.
34. Min, W., Liu, Yu., Jiao, D., Shen, J., Pan, X. Evidence for Holocene activity of the Yilan-Yitong fault, northeastern section of the Tan-Lu fault zone in Northeast China, // Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2013. - v. 67–68 - p. 207.
35. Molnar, P., Tapponier, P. Cenozoic Tectonics of Asia: Effects of a Continental Collision, // Science, 1975. - v. 189 - no. 4201 - p. 419.
36. Mordvinova, V. V., Treussov, A. V., Turutanov, E. Kh. Nature of the Mantle Plume under Hangai (Mongolia) Based on Seismic and Gravimetric Data, // Doklady Earth Sciences, 2015. - v. 460 - no. 1 - p. 92.
37. Negredo, A. M., Replumaz, A., Villaseñor, A., Guillot, S. Modeling the evolution of continental subduction processes in the Pamir-Hindu Kush region, // Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2007. - v. 259 - no. 1–2 - p. 212.
38. Parfeevets, A. V., Sankov, V. A. Late Cenozoic tectonic stress fields of the Mongolian microplate, // Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 2012. - v. 344 - no. 3–4 - p. 227.
39. Podgornykh, L. V. Heat Flow Map of Arctic Regions - Moscow: Nedra., 1997.
40. Rasskazov, S. V., Luhr, J. F., Bowring, S. A., et al. Late Cenozoic volcanism in the Baikal rift system: Evidence for formation of the Baikal and Khubsugul basins due to thermal impacts on the lithosphere and collision-derived tectonic stress, // Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen, 2003. - no. 4 - p. 33.
41. Rundkvist, D. V., Gatinsky, Yu. G., Bush, W. A., Kossobokov, V. G. The area of Russia in the present-day structure of Eurasia: Geodynamics and seismicity // Computational Seismology and Geodynamics, 7, edited by D. K. Chowdhury - Washington D. C: American Geophysical Union., 2005. - p. 224.
42. Rybin, A. K. Deep Structure and Up-to-Date Geodynamics of Central Tien Shan After Magnetotelluric Sounding Results - Moscow: Nauchnyi Mir., 2011. - 272 pp.
43. Rytsk, E. Yu., Kovach, V. P., Yarmolyuk, V. V., Bogomolov, E. S., Kovalenko, V. I., Kotov, A. V. Isotopic Structure and Evolution of the Continental Crust in the East Transbaikalian Segment of the Central Asian Fold belt, // Geotectonics, 2011. - v. 45 - no. 5 - p. 349.
44. Sahno, V. G., Moiseenko, V. G. Plume volcanicity of continental margins of East Asia // Mantle Plumes and Metallogeny, edited by A. F. Grachev - Petrozavodsk–Moscow: Centre of Geophysical Investigations., 2002. - p. 438.
45. San'kov, V. A., Lukhnev, A. V., Radziminovich, N. A., et al. A Quantitative estimate of modern deformations of the Earth's crust in the Mongolian block (Based on GPS-geodesy and seismotectonic data), // Doklady Earth Sciences, 2005. - v. 403 - p. 946.
46. San'kov, V. A., Lukhnev, A. V., Parfeevets, A. V., et al. Coupling of the Crustal and Upper Mantle Deformations in the Mongolia–Siberian Mobile Area, // Doklady Earth Sciences, 2011. - v. 436 - no. 1 - p. 159.
47. San'kov, V. A., Lukhnev, A. V., Miroshnichenko, A. I., et al. Contemporary Horizontal Movements and Seismicity of the South Baikal Basin (Baikal Rift System), // Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth, 2014. - v. 50 - no. 6 - p. 785.
48. Schmerr, N., Thomas, C. Subducted lithosphere beneath the Kuriles from migration of PP precursors, // Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2011. - v. 311 - no. 1 - p. 101.
49. Shen, Z., Zhao, C., Yin, A., Li, Y., Jackson, D. D., Fang, P., Dong, D. Contemporary Crustal Deformation in East Asia Constrained by Global Positioning System Measurements, // Journal of Geophysical Research, 2000. - v. 105 - no. B3 - p. 5721.
50. Sherman, S. I., Gorbunova, E. A. The genesis of seismic activity on faults in Central Asia in real time and its variations, // Journal of Volcanology and Seismology, 2011. - v. 5 - no. 1 - p. 60.
51. Sherman, S. I., Sorokin, A. P., Sorokina, A. T., Gorbunova, E. A., Bormotov, V. A. New Data on the Active Faults and Zones of Modern Lithosphere Destruction in the Amur Region, // Doklady Earth Sciences, 2011. - v. 439 - no. 2 - p. 1146.
52. Sherman, S. I. Destruction of the lithosphere: Fault-block divisibility and its tectonophysical regularities, // Geodynamics [ampersand] Tectonophysics, 2012. - v. 3 - no. 4 - p. 315.
53. Sherman, S. I. Seismic Process and Earthquake Forecasting: Tectonophysics Conception - Novosibirsk: Geo., 2014. - 359 pp.
54. Shestakov, N., Gerasimenko, M., Takahashi, H., et al. Present tectonics of the southeast of Russia as seen from GPS observations, // Geophysical Journal International, 2011. - v. 184 - no. 2 - p. 529.
55. Shevchenko, B. F., Kaplun, V. B. The deep geodynamic model of the Euroasian and Amur lithospheric plates junction area, // Lithosphere, 2007. - no. 4 - p. 3.
56. Stein, S., Sella, G. F., Okal, E. A. The January 26, 2001 Bhuj earthquake and the diffuse western boundary of the Indian Plate // Plate Boundary Zones, edited by S. Stein and J. T. Freymueller - Washington D. C: American Geophysical Union, Geodynamics Series., 2002. - p. 243.
57. Tao, W., Shen, Z. Heat flow distribution in Chinese continent and its adjacent areas, // Progress in Natural Science, 2008. - v. 18 - no. 7 - p. 843.
58. Teng, J., Deng, Ya., Badal, J., Zhang, Yo. Moho depth, seismicity and seismogenic structure in China mainland, // Tectonophysics, 2013. - v. 627 - p. 108.
59. Timofeev, V. Yu., Ardyukov, D. G., Gornov, P. Y., Ducarme, B., Everaerts, M., Parovishnii, V. A., Frid, M. GPS and tidal method for geodynamic study in Siberia and in Far East of Russia - Shanghai: APSG., 2006.
60. Timofeev, V., Kulinich, R., Valitov, M., et al. Coseismic effects of the 2011 Magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake measured at Far East Russia continental coast by gravity and GPS methods, // International Journal of Geosciences, 2013. - no. 4 - p. 362.
61. Trifonov, V. G., Soboleva, O. V. Recent Geodynamics of the Alpine-Himalayan Collision Belt // Transactions of the Geological Institute RAS, 541, edited by Yu. G. Leonov - Moscow: GEOS., 2013. - p. 362.
62. Wang, S., Wang, Ch., Phillips, R. J., Murphy, M. A., Fang, X., Yue, Ya. Displacement along the Karakoram fault, NW Himalaya, estimated from LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating of offset geologic markers, // Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2012. - v. 337–338 - p. 156.
63. Wang, S., Niu, F., Zhang, G. Velocity structure of the uppermost mantle beneath East Asia from Pn tomography and its dynamic implications, // Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2013. - v. 118 - no. 1 - p. 290.
64. Wei, W., Ye, G., Li, Y., Jin, S., Deng, M., Jing, J. Three-Dimensional P-Wave Velocity Structure of the Crust of North China, // Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2007. - v. 18 - no. 3 - p. 257.
65. Xu, X., Deng, Q. Nonlinear Characteristics of Paleoseismicity in China, // Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996. - v. 101 - no. B3 - p. 6209.
66. Xu, J., Ben-Avraham, Z., Kelty, T., Yu, H.-S. Origin of marginal basins of the NW Pacific and their plate tectonic reconstructions, // Earth-Science Reviews, 2014. - v. 130 - p. 154.
67. Ye, S. Progress on APSG // Proceeding of International Seminar on the Use of Space Techniques for Asia-Pacific Regional Crustal Movements Studies, Irkutsk, Russia, Aug. 5–10, 2002, edited by S. Tatevian - Moscow: Asia-Pacific Space Geodynamics Project, GEOS., 2002. - p. 6.
68. Yin, A. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Asia: A preliminary synthesis, // Tectonophysics, 2010. - v. 488 - no. 1–4 - p. 293.
69. Yu, Ch.-Q., Chen, W.-P., Ning, J.-Yu., et al. Thick crust beneath the Ordos plateau: Implications for instability of the North China craton, // Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2012. - v. 357–358 - p. 366.
70. Zhang, Zh., Chen, Q., Bai, Zh., Chen, Yo., Badal, J. Crustal structure and extensional deformation of thinned lithosphere in Northern China, // Tectonophysics, 2011. - v. 508 - no. 1–4 - p. 62.
71. Zhang, Zh., Wu, J., Deng, Ya., Teng, J., Zhang, X., Chen, Yu., Panza, G. Lateral variation of the strength of lithosphere across the eastern North China Craton: New constraints on lithospheric disruption, // Gondwana Research, 2012. - v. 22 - no. 3–4 - p. 1047.
72. Zhao, D., Pirajno, F., Dobretsov, N. L., Liu, L. Mantle structure and dynamics under East Russia and adjacent regions, // Russian Geology and Geophysics, 2010. - v. 51 - no. 9 - p. 925.
73. Zonenshain, L. P., Savostin, L. A. Geodynamics of the Baikal Rift Zone and Plate Tectonics of Asia, // Tectonophysics, 1981. - v. 76 - no. 1–2 - p. 1.