employee
Abstract. The use of the experience of implementing the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in the member states of the European Union (EU) is relevant both for Russia and for other countries of the world interested in the successful development of the agrarian sector of the economy and rural areas. The role of rural areas in achieving national security of countries and regions (food, biological, environmental and other) is increasing significantly due to the current challenges and threats (climate change, COVID-19 pandemic, aggravation of the international situation). The purpose of the study, the results of which are presented in this article, is to scrutinise the special approach implemented under the CAP. This approach is referred to in European law as LEADER/CLLD and refers to a close combination of comprehensive cross-sector interaction with active involvement of local communities in rural development. In the work, analytical and review research methods were used, with the help of which (1) the current (relevant to the research topic) legislation, (2) programs implemented in the EU member states, (3) significant scientific publications were subject to scrupulous study. The result of the work is a review and analysis of the findings and practical recommendations for the future use of the various aspects of LEADER/CLLD in domestic political and economic practice. The application of this approach takes into account the fact that the experience of local residents, combined with the opinions of other stakeholders, can help to better adapt rural development policy to real needs and opportunities, and to form a specific (unique) human capital within the boundaries of rural communities. Human capital includes, in addition to specific skills, (1) the ability to take constructive initiatives, (2) a sense of local identity and ownership, (3) the ability to participate as equals with other partners in defining local development strategies, (4) trust between people, private enterprises, public institutions and sectoral communities interested in successful rural development, formed through constant interaction. Theoretical and practical conclusions regarding the content of LEADER/CLLD initiatives, as well as findings related to the possibilities of introducing tools and mechanisms to support rural areas, implemented directly with the involvement of local communities with financial support from the state, are of scientific novelty.
Common Agricultural Policy, European Union, rural areas, LEADER/CLLD, challenges and threats
1. Abdullah A., Khadaroo I. The Trust-Control Nexus in Public Private Partnership (PPP) contracts // The Journal of Accounting and Public Policy. 2020. No. 39 (6). Article number 106768.
2. Dupraz P., Guyomard H. Environment and Climate in the Common Agricultural Policy // EuroChoices. 2019. Vol. 18. No. 1. Pr. 18–25.
3. Roth S., Valentinov V., Kaivo-oja J., Dana L.-P. Multifunctional Organisation Models // Journal of Organizational Change Management. 2018. No. 31 (7). Pr. 1383–1400.
4. Cheng Z., Wang H., Xiong W., Zhu D., Cheng L. Public-Private Partnership as a Driver of Sustainable Development: Toward a Conceptual Framework of Sustainability-Oriented PPP // Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2021. No. 23. Rr. 1043–1063.
5. Pawłowska A. Territorial Partnerships in Rural Regions – Neo-Institutional Perspective // Polish Sociological Review. 2017. No. 1. Rr. 95–108.
6. European Parliament. Regulation (EU) No 1303/2013 of The European Parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2013 Laying Down Common Provisions on the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund, the Cohesion Fund, the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development and the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund and Laying Down General Provisions on the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund, the Cohesion Fund and the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 1083/2006 // Official Journal of the European Union. 2013. Vol. 56. No. 347. Pp. 320–469.
7. European Parliament. Regulation (EU) No 1305/2013 of The European Parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2013 on Support for Rural Development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) and Repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 1698/2005 // Official Journal of the European Union. 2013. Vol. 56. No. 347. Pp. 487–548.
8. Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council 14th Financial Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) 2020 Financial Year [e-resource]. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021DC0539 (date of reference: 18.07.2021).
9. Guidance on Community-Led Local Development for Local Actors. 2014-2020 [e-resource]. URL: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/informat/2014/guidance_clld _local_actors.pdf (date of reference: 18.07.2021).
10. Guidance on Community-led Local Development in European Structural and Investment Funds (version from June 2014) [e-resource]. URL: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/informat/2014/guidance_co mmunity_local_development.pdf (date of reference: 08.07.2021).
11. Servillo L., De Bruijn M. From LEADER to CLLD: the Adoption of the New Fund Opportunities and of their Local Development Options // European Structural and Investment Funds Journal. 2018. No. 6. Rr. 223–233.
12. Roncevic A., Lez T., Gregoric M. Implementation of the Leader Programme in the Observed EU Countries. Economic and Social Development (Book of Proceedings), 50-th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development Development, 2020. Rr. 99–107.
13. Kokot J. ECA Audits of the CAP Highlight Issues that Tie into the Recent Agreement on the Future of the CAP // ECA Journal. 2021. No. 2. Rr. 61–66.
14. Wang H., Xiong W., Wu G., Zhu D. Public-Private Partnership in Public Administration Discipline: A Literature Review // Public Management Review. 2018. No. 20. Rr. 293–316.
15. Furmankiewicz M., Janc K, Walsh A. M. Implementation of the EU LEADER Programme at Member-State Level: Written and Unwritten Rules of Local Project Selection in Rural Poland // Journal of Rural Studies. 2021. Vol. 86. Pr. 357–365.
16. Salemink K., Strijker D., Bosworth G. The Community Reclaims Control? Learning Experiences from Rural Broadband Initiatives in the Netherlands // Sociologia Ruralis. 2017. No. 57 (S1). Rr. 555–575.
17. Mohd Som R., Omar Z., Ismail I. A., Alias S. N. Understanding Leadership Roles and Competencies for Public-Private PartnerShip // Journal of Asia Business Studies. 2020. No.14. Rr. 541–560.
18. Ballesteros J. G. T., Hernández M. Promoting Tourism through the EU LEADER Programme: Understanding Local Action Group Governance // European Planning Studies. 2019. No. 27 (2). Rp. 396–414.
19. Konecný O. The Leader Approach Across the European Union: One Method of Rural Development, Many Forms of Implementation // European Countrys. 2019. No. 11. Rp. 1–16.
20. Neumeier S. Social Innovation in Rural Development: Identifying the Key Factors of Success // Geographical Journal. 2017. No. 183. Rp. 34–46.
