The research objective is to develop the technique of assessing a human factor risk in the ‘staff - hoists - production environment’ system. The proposed method allows evaluating the degree of staff training and of the appropriate managerial solutions at the machine-building enterprises operating hoists. Three groups of hazards associated, respectively, with the false staff operation, the hoist state, and the production environment of the machine builder, are considered. An interpretation of the potential adverse event instance (misfortune, incident, accident) is presented. Based on the analysis of the accident investigation reports at the machine-building enterprises operating hoists and on the conducted questionnaire surveys, the specific dangerous actions of the staff and executive officers (managers and expert personnel) are identified and classified. As a result, the matrix is constructed to determine the probability of potential accidents, incidents or misfortunes depending on the frequency of the false staff actions. The study allows drawing the following conclusion. At the ma-chine-building enterprises of the 4th hazard class, it is considered expedient to apply the expert analysis method to assess the or-ganizational human error causes when running the plants with hoists. Under these conditions, the method of risk assessment appears quite simple and effective in terms of the engineering safety analysis.
machine-building enterprises, human factor risk assessment, hoists, personnel training
Введение. Машиностроительные предприятия относятся к 4-му классу опасности [1], т. к. предполагают установку и эксплуатацию подъемных механизмов. Для таких предприятий нормативно-правовыми документами в области охраны труда и промышленной безопасности предусмотрено проведение риск-анализа. При оценке риска, связанного с аварией (инцидентом) на предприятиях машиностроения, следует проанализировать различные сценарии, отражающие как наиболее типичные и вероятные, так и неблагоприятные (как правило, маловероятные) события.
Базой для оценки риска служит процедура идентификации, основанная на представленной информации о следующих факторах:
— класс опасности производственной среды;
— работа технических систем;
— документированная частота отказов подъемных механизмов и ошибок персонала;
— статистические данные о несчастных случаях и пр.
Результатом идентификации является четкое описание всех потенциальных опасностей, обусловленных работой подъемных механизмов, установленных на машиностроительном предприятии. Таким образом, речь идет о возможной реализации неблагоприятного события.
1. O promyshlennoy bezopasnosti opasnykh proizvodstvennykh ob´´ektov : feder. zakon № 116-FZ ot 21.07.1997. [On industrial safety of hazardous production facilities: Feder. Law no. 116-FZ of 21.07.1997] Konsul´tant plyus. Available at: www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_173548/ (accessed: 17.02.14) (in Russian).
2. Takala, I., Fraham, Y., Machida, S. Okhrana truda v tsifrakh i faktakh. Napravleniya sovershenstvovaniya glob-al´noy kul´tury okhrany truda. [Occupational safety in facts and figures. Prospects of development of the global labour protec-tion culture.] International Labour Organization. Available at: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---europe/---ro-geneva/---sro-moscow/documents/genericdocument/wcms_305834.pdf (accessed: 17.02.14) (in Russian).
3. Torrington, D., Hall, L., Taylor, S. Upravlenie chelovecheskimi resursami. [Human Resource Management.] 5th ed. Moscow: Delo i servis, 2004, 752 p. (in Russian).
4. Korotkiy, A. A., et al. Povyshenie bezopasnosti kanatnykh dorog na osnove otsenki riska pri evakuatsii i spasenii passazhirov. [Improving safety of the cable cars on the basis of risk assessment during escape and life saving.] Bezopasnost´ truda v promyshlennosti, 2008, no. 2, pp. 51–58 (in Russian).
5. Korotkiy, A. A., Kotelnikov, V. S., Maslov, V. B. Ekspertiza promyshlennoy bezopasnosti i otsenka riska dlya obosnovaniya bezopasnosti gruzopod´´emnykh mashin, otrabotavshikh normativnyy srok sluzhby. [Expertise of industrial safety and risk assessment for the safety of overaged hoisting machinery.] Bezopasnost´ truda v promyshlennosti, 2013, no. 2, pp. 68–74 (in Russian).
6. Korotkiy, A. A., Khalfin, M. N. Vliyanie vysokotemperaturnykh vozdeystviy na risk ekspluatatsii pod´´emnykh kanatov. [High-temperature effect on operation risk of lift cables.] Vestnik of DSTU, 2013, no. 1–2 (70–71), pp. 112–117 (in Russian).
7. Godovoy otchet o deyatel´nosti Federal´noy sluzhby po ekologicheskomu, tekhnologicheskomu i atomnomu nad-zoru v 2013 godu. [Annual report on the activities of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervi-sion in 2013.] Federal´naya sluzhba po ekologicheskomu, tekhnologicheskomu i atomnomu nadzoru ; [Rostekhnadzor] ZAO NTTs PB. Available at: http://www.gosnadzor.ru/public/annual_reports/Отчет%202013.pdf (accessed: 17.02.14) .14) (in Russian).
8. Polozhenie ob organizatsii raboty po podgotovke i attestatsii spe-tsialistov organizatsiy, podnadzornykh Feder-al´noy sluzhbe po ekologicheskomu, tekhnologicheskomu i atomnomu nadzoru (v red. Prikazov Rostekhnadzora ot 27.08.10 № 823, ot 15.12.2011 № 714.) [Statement on the organization of training and certification of specialists of the organizations supervised by the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (as revised in Rostekhnadzor Orders of 27.08.10 no. 823, of 15.12.2011 no. 714)]. Available at: www.mspbsng.org/article/584 (accessed: 17.02.14) (in Russian).
9. O vnesenii izmeneniy v Polozhenie ob organizatsii raboty po podgotovke i attestatsii spetsialistov organizatsiy, podnadzornykh Federal´noy sluzhbe po ekologicheskomu, tekhnologicheskomu i atomnomu nadzoru, utverzhdennoe prikazom Federal´noy sluzhby po ekologicheskomu, tekhnologicheskomu i atomnomu nadzoru ot 29 yanvarya 2007 g. № 37: Prikaz po ekologicheskomu, tekhnologicheskomu i atomnomu nadzoru (Rostekhnadzor) ot 6 dekabrya 2013 g. № 591. [On Amendments to the Regulations on the organization of the training and certification of experts of the organizations supervised by the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision, approved by the order of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision of January 29, 2007 no. 37: Order on the Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (Rostekhnadzor) of December 6, 2013 no. 591] Rostekhnadzor RG.RU, 2014, no. 68, March, 26. Available at: http://www.rg.ru/2014/03/26/rabota-dok.html (accessed: 17.02.14) (in Russian).
10. Korotkiy, A. A., et al. Distantsionnaya podgotovka rukovoditeley i spetsialistov v oblasti promyshlennoy be-zopasnosti pod´´emnykh sooruzheniy. [Distance training of managers and specialists in the field of industrial safety of hoisting constructions.] Tekhnadzor, 2014, no. 3 (88), pp. 16–17 (in Russian).
