In the review of their own work and the literature it discussed accumulated contradictions of the effect of diabetes mellitus on cell death. The author proposes the concept of the damaging effects of excess insulin on cells with different degrees of sensitivity. The basis for reasoning adopted the following axioms. Insulin is needed by all cells of all living organisms. Insulin is the main regulator of pinocytosis into the cells. Energy and plastic tissue needs increase the number and sensitivity of insulin receptors. Excess insulin occurs when taking stimulants, secretion, degradation of β-cells, insulin overdose. Excess insulin promotes the rapid flow of sub-stances into the cell, then swelling and necrosis. Protection mechanisms against excess hormone are increased binding of insulin, fat cells, insulin resistance and increased growth factors. This leads to reduced apoptosis, ac-celerated angiogenesis, and reduction of the barrier functions of tissues. In diabetes, all the cells are exposed to elevated concentrations of insulin, but most of the cells are damaged endothelium in connection with their regu-lar division. Apoptosis of tissue cells in diabetes mellitus is caused by protein-energy deficiency. Apoptosis of β-cells is necessary to reduce excess insulin.
diabetes mellitus type II, insulin, cellular homeostasis, tissue metabolism, apoptosis
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