employee
Moskva, Moscow, Russian Federation
The article covers the question of the features of the process of the unification in the sphere of private international law within the European Union. The stages of development of the regional international union from the Economic Community to the European Union are also followed up in the article. The author explores the methods and instruments of such unification, makes conclusions about the phase of the unification of concrete institutes of private international law in the European Union. Besides that the author broaches a question of the unification/harmonization of the European contract law.
European Union, international private law, unification, harmonization regulation, directive, international agreements, substantive regulation, rules governing choice of laws, contractual relations
Унификации международного частного права в Европейском Союзе предшествовал длительный период сближения законодательства, интеграции правовых систем. В этот период государства совершенствовали систему административного регулирования своих экономик для достижения общих целей.
В основе интеграции европейских государств лежит Договор об учреждении Европейского экономического сообщества от 25 марта 1957 г. (вступил в силу 1 января 1958 г.) [29]. Фундаментом экономического сотрудничества явилось создание таможенного союза, который охватывал всю торговлю товарами и предусматривал запрет на установление импортных и экспортных таможенных пошлин и сборов, количественных ограничений в торговых отношениях между государствами-членами, гарантировал свободное передвижение трудящихся, предоставление услуг и осуществление расчетов. Фактически Договор создал необходимые условия для проведения общей торговой политики и формирования единого общеевропейского рынка. Постепенно интеграция в экономике вовлекала в данный процесс и другие сферы общественной жизни: политическую, социальную, культурную, информационную. Этапы развития региональной международной организации от Экономического Сообщества к Европейскому Союзу нашли отражение в Едином европейском акте 1986 г. (вступил в силу 1 июля 1987 г.), Договоре о Европейском Союзе 1992 г. (вступил в силу 1 ноября 1993 г.), Амстердамском договоре, изменяющем Договор о Европейском Союзе, договоры, учреждающие Европейские сообщества, и некоторые связанные с ними акты 1997 г. (вступил в силу 1 мая 1999 г.), Ниццком договоре, изменяющем Договор о Европейском Союзе, договоры, учреждающие Европейские сообщества, и некоторые связанные с ними акты 2001 г. (вступил в силу 1 февраля 2003 г.), Лиссабонском договоре, изменяющем Договор о Европейском Союзе и Договор об учреждении Европейского Сообщества 2007 г. (вступил в силу 1 декабря 2009 г.).
1. Lando O., Beale H. Principles of European Contract Law. Part I and II. The Hague, 1999.
2. Lando O., Beale H. (eds) Principles of European Contract Law. Part 1: Performance. Non-performance and Remedies. Dordrecht, 1995.
3. Lando O., Clive E., Prüm A., Zimmermann R. Principles of European Contract Law. Part III. Kluwer Law International, 2003.
4. Anosov M.A. Tendentsii razvitiya torgovogo prava Evropeyskogo Soyuza: Avtoref. Ph.D. Diss. [Trends in the development of commercial law of the European Union. Ph.D. Diss.]. Moscow, 2011.
5. Akhaimova E.A. Realizatsiya Printsipov evropeyskogo dogovornogo prava v zarubezhnom zakonodatel´stve. Ph.D. Diss. [Implementation of the Principles of European Contract Law in the foreign legislation. Ph.D. Diss.]. Moscow, 2009.
6. Bazedov Yu. Prospects of antitrust tort law. Vestnik grazhdanskogo prava [Journal of Civil Law], 2008, no 4, p. 216–234.
7. Belousova O.V. Sources of legal regulation within the European Union: the unification of private international law. Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel´stva i sravnitel´nogo pravovedeniya [Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law], 2011, no 6, p. 140–145.
8. Belousova O.V. Unification of European Union legislation in the field of private international law: an analytical review. Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel´stva i sravnitel´nogo pravovedeniya [Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law], 2012, no 2, p. 142–163.
9. Vinogradov A.A. Protsess grazhdansko-pravovoy unifikatsii i garmonizatsii dogovornogo prava v Evropeyskom Soyuze. Ph.D. Diss [The process of civil unification and harmonization of contract law in the European Union. Ph.D. Diss.]. Moscow, 2011.
10. Vlasova N.V. Directive on independent commercial agents in the practice of the Court of the European Union. Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava [Journal of Russian Law], 2015, no 3.
11. Vlasova N.V. Commercial representation in the EU: Trends of legal regulation. Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel´stva i sravnitel´nogo pravovedeniya [Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law], 2013, no 4, p. 709–718.
12. Vlasova N.V., Zaloilo M.V. Specification of the provisions of the EU directives in the legislation of EU member states. Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel´stva i sravnitel´nogo pravovedeniya [Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law], 2014, no 5, p. 851–857.
13. Vlasova N.V., Tsirina M.A., Muratova O.V. Problems of unification of private international law in the modern world. Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel´stva i sravnitel´nogo pravovedeniya [Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law], 2014, no 2.
14. Doronina N.G. Unification and harmonization in the field of of legal regulation of foreign investments. Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatel´stva i sravnitel´nogo pravovedeniya [Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law], 2005, no 1.
15. Makovskaya A.A. Unifikatsiya mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava v ramkakh Evropeyskogo ekonomicheskogo soobshchestva. Ph.D. Diss. [Unification of private international law within the European Economic Community]. Moscow, 1992.
16. Makovskiy A.L. Problems in the theory of international treaty law and the unification of the international private law. Materialy Torgovo-promyshlennoy palaty SSSR [Materials of Chamber of Commerce of the USSR]. Issue 34. Moscow, 1983, p. 26–33.
17. Muratova O.V. The unification of the conflict rules of private international law in the European Union. Rossiyskaya yustitsiya [Russian Justice], 2014, no 3, p. 25–28.
18. Otdel´nye vidy obyazatel´stv v mezhdunarodnom chastnom prave [Certain types of obligations in private international law] / Edited by N.G. Doroninoy, I.O. Khlestovoy. Moscow, Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, INFRA-M Publ., 2014.
19. Pakerman G.A. The experience of unification of the law on investment in the European Union. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i mezhdunarodnye organizatsii [International law and international organizations], 2012, no 1.
20. Problemy unifikatsii mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava [Problems of unification of private international law] / Executive editors A.L. Makovskiy, I.O. Khlestova. Moscow, Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, Yurisprudentsiya Publ., 2012.
21. Sirotkina O.V. Principles of European Contract Law: history, status and guidelines. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov SevKavGTU. Seriya «Pravo» [Collection of scientific papers of North Caucasus State Technical University. Series “Law”], 2002, no 1 (5). Stavropol´, 2003.
22. Unifikatsiya mezhdunarodnogo chastnogo prava v sovremennom mire [The unification of private international law in the modern world] / Edited by I.O. Khlestovoy. Moscow, Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, INFRA-M Publ., 2013.
23. Tsirina M.A., Vlasova N.V., Muratova O.V. Problems of unification of private international law in the modern world. Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava [Journal of Russian Law], 2014, no 3, p. 128–139.
24. Resolution of the European Parliament of the 26th of May 1989 on action to bring into line the private law of the Member States. OJ C 158. 26.06.1989. P. 400.
25. Resolution of the European Parliament of the 6th of May 1994 on the harmonization of certain sectors of the private law of the Member States. OJ C 205. 25.07.1994. P. 518.
26. Introduction to the Principles of European Contract Law prepared by The commission on European Contract Law. URL: http:/www.cbs.dk.
27. Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament of the 11th of July 2001 on European contract law. COM. 2001. 398 final.
28. URL: http://www.copecl.org.
29. URL: www.eur-lex.europe.eu.
30. URL: http://www.hcch.net.
31. URL: http://www.unidroit.org.
