The educational publication is intended for the study of logic in the structure of higher education. Its peculiarity is the maximum approximation to the natural methods of reasoning, which is a conscious technique that allows you to keep the traditionally close connection of logic as a philosophical science with its applications in various fields of scientific knowledge and practice. Interpretations of concepts, definitions, and other structural elements of logic are characterized by novelty due to the desire to understand the content of logic in the context of humanitarian knowledge.
Logic; reasoning; natural ways of reasoning; conceptual way of presentation; logical forms; modal log