Abstract (English):
The basic provisions of theoretical, applied and legislative Metrology are stated. Examines the theoretical foundations and applied problems of Metrology at the present stage, the historical aspects and provisions of the Metrology of nanotechnology and quantum processes as a special kind of measurement of physical quantities. The main provisions of the Federal law of June 26, 2008 № 102-FZ "on ensuring the unity of measurements"are presented. It corresponds to the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the last generation. For students of higher technical educational institutions studying on technical specialties, as a textbook on General professional and special disciplines, as well as for persons interested in measurement and metrological support.