Иркутск, Россия
Иркутск, Россия
Иркутск, Россия
Иркутск, Россия
Иркутский государственный университет
Иркутск, Россия
The article presents the main results of solar studies carried out at the Baikal Astrophysical Observatory (BAO) of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS (ISTP SB RAS) for 40 years. It outlines the history of BAO and lists its telescopes. Much attention is given to the Large Solar Vacuum Telescope (LSVT) designed to observe solar formations with high spatial and spectral resolution. Technical parameters of this instrument are specified along with some results of the studies carried out with it. Information about the full-disk chromospheric telescope and scientific problems solved with it is represented together with the basic scientific results. The telescope is used to study solar activity complexes and solar flares. References to the basic publications that have used BAO results are presented.
astronomical instruments, solar observations, spectra, polarization, solar activity complexes, solar flares
1. Agalakov B.V., Zubkova G.N., Ledenev V.G., Lubyshev B.I., Nefedyev V.P., Yazev S.A., Kerdraon A., Urbarz H.W. Changes in sunspot source of radio emission and 2N flare development in the chromosphere and corona in 5115 NOAA active region on 23 August 1988. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1995, iss. 104, pp. 113–125. (In Russian).
2. Agalakov B.V., Ledenev V.G., Lubyshev B.I., Nefedyev V.P., Yazev S.A., Zubkova G.N., Kerdraon A., Urbarz H.W. Changes in sunspot and floccular sources of radioemission preceding an importance 2N flare on 23 August 1988. Solar Phys. 1997, vol. 173, pp. 305–318. DOI: 10.1023/A:1004941026372.
3. Aksamentova M.P., Darchiya Sh.P., Ivanov V.I., Nizhitsky G.V. Some results of studying the astroclimate in Siberia. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. 1971, iss. 6, pp. 103–106. (In Russian).
4. Banin V.G. Astroclimatic characteristics of the point of Listvenichnoe on the shore of Lake Baikal. Issledovaniy a po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. 1971, iss. 20, pp. 302–309. (In Russian).
5. Banin V.G. The activity complex, and large flares in May 1981. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1983, iss. 65, pp. 129–150. (In Russian).
6. Banin V.G. Cellular structures in activity complex, and their effect on a development of large solar flares. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1984, iss. 68, pp. 73–83. (In Russian).
7. Banin V.G. On a connection of large solar flares and activity complexes with cellular structures. Solnechnye dannye [Solar Data]. 1986, no. 7, pp. 77–82. (In Russian).
8. Banin V.G. On two types of solar flare events. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. Novosibirsk, 1998, iss. 108, pp. 40–50. (In Russian).
9. Banin V.G., Fedorova A.S. Power chromospheric flare of November 5, 1970. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. 1971, iss. 20, pp. 73–85. (In Russian).
10. Banin V.G., Yazev S.A. Areas of long-lived activity at the descending phase of solar cycle 21. Kinematika i fizika nebesnykh tel [Kinematics and Physics of Celestial Bodies]. 1989, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 62–68. (In Russian).
11. Banin V.G., Yazev S.A. Catalogue of areas of long-lived activity in 1980–1989. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1991а, iss. 95, pp. 141–148. (In Russian).
12. Banin V.G., Yazev S.A. Activity complexes and coronal holes. Solnechnye dannye [Solar Data]. 1991б, no. 1, pp. 78–83. (In Russian).
13. Banin V.G., Yazev S.A. ALAs in solar activity cycles. Sovremennye problemy solnechnoi tsiklichnosti [Modern Problems of Solar Cyclicity]. Proc. of the Conference in memory of M.N. Gnevyshev and A.I. Ol’. Saint Petersburg, 1997, pp. 9–13. (In Russian).
14. Banin V.G., Klevtsov Yu.A., Skomorovsky V.I., Trifonov V.D. SibIZMIR Нα-cinematograph. Solnechnye dannye [Solar Data]. 1982а, no. 1, pp. 90–94. (In Russian).
15. Banin V.G., Borovik A.V., Trifonov V.D., Yazev S.A. On the astroclimate of the Baikal Astrophysical Observatory. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1982б, iss. 60, pp. 28–34. (In Russian).
16. Banin V.G., Borovik A.V., Yazev S.A. Large solar flares on May 13 and 16, 1981. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1983, iss. 65, pp. 151–164. (In Russian).
17. Banin V.G., Borovik A.V., Yazev S.A. Activity complexes during Carrington rotations 1705–1709. Solnechnye dannye [Solar Data]. 1988, no. 5, pp. 82–88. (In Russian).
18. Banin V.G., Yazev S.A., Khmyrov G.M. Activity complexes, and flares. Solnechnye dannye [Solar Data]. 1991, no. 3, pp. 116–119. (In Russian).
19. Borovik A.V. Small solar flares in the active region N135 SD on June 23, 1984. Astronomicheskii tsirkulyar [Astronomical Circular]. 1985, no. 1413, pp. 2–4. (In Russian).
20. Borovik A.V. Small solar flares and preflare activations of chromospheric structures. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. 1989, iss. 87, pp. 154–166. (In Russian).
21. Borovik A.V. Centers of flare activity of a solar spot groups. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. 1994а, iss. 102, pp. 133–152. (In Russian).
22. Borovik A.V. Space-time characteristics of small solar flares in active regions with large flares. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. 1994б, iss. 102, pp. 118–133. (In Russian).
23. Borovik A.V. The manifestation of supergranulation structures of active regions during solar flares. Adv. Space Res. 1988, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 141–144.
24. Borovik A.V., Myachin D.Yu. The spotless flare of March 16, 1981. I. Preflare activations of the fine structure of the chromospheric fine structure. Solar Phys. 2002, vol. 205, iss. 1, pp. 105–116. DOI: 10.1023/A:1013859722017.
25. Borovik A.V., Myachin D.Yu. Structure and development of the spotless flare on March 16, 1981. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2010, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 937–949.
26. Borovik A.V., Zhdanov A.A. Statistical research into low-power solar flares. Main phase duration. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2017, vol. 3, iss. 4, pp. 5–16. DOI: 10.12737/stp-34201701.
27. Borovik A.V., Zhdanov A.A. Statistical studies of duration of low-power solar flares. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2018, vol. 4, iss. 2, pp. 8–16. DOI: 10.12737/stp-42201803.
28. Borovik A.B., Grigoryev V.M., Kargapolova N.N., Merkulenko B.E., Nefedyev V.E., Osak B.F., Polyakov V.I., Selivanov V.P., Smol'kov G.Ya., Yazev S.A., et al. Evolution of solar active region SD #135 in June, 1984 and its correction to large-scale solar magnetic fields. Contributions of the Astronomical observatory Skalnate Pleso: proc. 12th Regional Consultation on Solar Physics (Smolenice, May 19–24, 1986). Tatranska Lomnica, 1986, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 211–242. (In Russian).
29. Borovik A.V., Myachin D.Yu., Tomozov V.M. Observations of spotless solar flares in Baikal Astrophysical Observatory of the ISTP SB RAS and their interpretation. Izvestiya Irkutskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Seriya “Nauki o Zemle” [The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series «Earth Sciences»]. 2014, vol. 7, pp. 23–45. (In Russian).
30. Borovik A.V., Myachin D.Yu., Uralov A.M. The model of extra-sunspot flare. Izvestiya Krymskoi astrofizicheskoi observatorii [Bulletin of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory]. 2016, vol. 112, no. 1, pp. 38–46. (In Russian).
31. Darchiya Sh.P. Some peculiarities in variations of jitter amplitude during daytime observations. Atmosfernaya optika. [Atmospheric Optics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1970, pp. 35–42. (In Russian).
32. Darchiya Sh.P. On the astronomical climate of the USSR. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1985, 176 p. (In Russian).
33. Darchiya Sh.P., Ivanov V.I., Kovadlo P.G., Kuklin G.V. Solar limb jitter and temperature inhomogeneities in the surface layer. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. 1971, iss. 20, pp. 310–329. (In Russian).
34. Firstova N.M. Connection between the appearance of γ-ray sources and Hα line impact linear polarization in the July 23, 2002 flare. Astronomy Letters. 2015, vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 593–600. DOI: 10.1134/S1063773715090029.
35. Firstova N.M., Polyakov V.I. Structure and physical conditions in the Hα loops of an M7.7 solar flare. Astronomy Letters. 2017, vol. 43, no. 11, pp. 768–779. DOI: 10.1134/ S1063773717110032.
36. Firstova N.M., Gubin A.V., Lankevich N.A. LSVT spectrograph: fixing and testing. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. 1990, iss. 91, pp. 166–174. (In Russian).
37. Firstova N.M., Polyakov V.I., Firstova A.V. Impact linear polarization of the Hα spectral line according to observation of proton flare at LSVT with high spatial resolution. Solar Phys. 2008, vol. 249, pp. 53–73.
38. Firstova N.M., Polyakov V.I., Firstova A.V. Нα line impact linear polarization observed in the 23 July 2002 flare with the Large Solar Vacuum Telescope (LSVT). Solar Phys. 2012, vol. 279, pp. 453–464.
39. Firstova N.M., Polyakov V.I., Firstova A.V. Observation of Нα line impact polarization in solar flares. Astronomy Letters. 2014, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 449–458.
40. Golovko A.A. Some peculiarities in structures of the activity complex that produced power proton flares on May 13–16, 1981. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1983, iss. 65, pp. 121–129. (In Russian).
41. Golovko A.A., Salakhutdinova I.I. Variations in fractal characteristics of active regions and flares. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2009, vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 1–3. DOI: 10.1134/S00 16793209080052.
42. Golovko A.A., Salakhutdinova I.I. Evolution of solar active regions: Detecting the emergence of new magnetic field through multifractal segmentation. Astronomy Reports. 2015, vol. 59, no. 8, pp. 776–790. DOI: 10.1134/S1063772915080028.
43. Golovko A.A., Salakhutdinova I.I., Khlystova A.I. Preflare dynamics of chromospheric structures and of magnetic field in AR NOAA 9077 during July 10–13, 2000. Proc. of 10th European Solar Physics Meeting. Prague, 2002, pp. 621–624.
44. Golovko A.A., Salakhutdinova I.I., Khlystova A.I. Preflare changes in chromospheric structure in active regions. Aktual’nye problemy solnechnoi i zvezdnoi aktivnosti [Actual Problems of Solar and Stellar Activity]. Proc. of the Conference of CIS and Baltic States (Nizhniy Novgorod, June 2–7, 2003). Nizhniy Novgorod, IAP RAS, 2003, vol. 1, pp. 128–131. (In Russian).
45. Golovko A.A., Salakhutdinova I.I., Khlystova A.I. Fractal properties of active region and flares. Solnechno-zemnaya fizika [Solar-Terrestrial Physics]. 2006, iss. 9, pp. 47–55. (In Russian).
46. Golovko A.A., Salakhutdinova I.I., Khlystova A.I. Fractal properties of an active region and flare. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2009, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 907–915. DOI: 10.1134/ S0016793209070147.
47. Isaeva E.S., Yazev S.A. X-ray flares and activity complexes on the Sun at the cycle 24 rising phase. Solnechno-zemnaya fizika [Solar-Terrestrial Physics]. 2013, iss. 22, pp. 3–11. (In Russia).
48. Isaeva E.S., Tomozov V.M., Yazev S.A. Proton flares in solar activity complexes: Possible origins and consequences. Astronomy Reports. 2018, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 243–250. DOI: 10.1134/S1063772918030058.
49. Ivanov V.I. On effect of wind direction on solar limb jitter. Atmosfernaya optika [Atmospheric Optics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1970, pp. 45–54. (In Russian).
50. Khmyrov G.M., Yazev S.A. On evolution of bipolar system of large-scale magnetic fields. Solnechnye dannye [Solar Data]. 1987, no. 9, pp. 65–70. (In Russian).
51. Khmyrov G.M., Yazev S.A. On some characteristics of chromospheric structures on polarity inversion line. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1990, iss. 91, pp. 55–62. (In Russian).
52. Klevtsov Yu.A., Trifonov V.D. Optical system of new chromospheric telescope. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1980, iss. 52, pp. 71–75. (In Russian).
53. Kovadlo P.G. Resul’taty astroklimaticheskikh issledovanii po nablyudeniyam Solntsa i opticheskaya nestabil’nost’ zemnoi atmosfery. Diss. dokt. fiz.-mat. nauk [Results of astroclimatic research on solar observations, and optical instability of Earth’s atmosphere. Doctoral Thesis (Phys.&Math.)]. 2003, 279 p. (In Russian).
54. Kovadlo P.G., Ivanov V.I., Darchiya Sh.P. Peculiarities of Baikal astroclimate. Astronomicheskii tsirkulyar [Astronomical Circular]. 1972, no. 706, pp. 3–6. (In Russian).
55. Kovadlo P.G., Ivanov V.I., Darchiya Sh.P. Studying the turbulence structure in surface layer above Lake Baikal. Meteorologiya i gidrologiya [Meteorology and Hydrology]. 1973, no. 8, pp. 89–92. (In Russian).
56. Krucker S., Hurford G.J., Lin P. Hard X-ray source motions in the 2002 July 23 gamma-ray flare. Astrophys. J. 2003, vol. 595, pp. L103–L106.
57. Lin R., Krucker S., Hurford G.J., Smith D.M., Hudson H.S., Holman G.D., Schwartz R.A., Dennis B.R., Share G.H., Murphy R.J., Emslie A.G., Johns-Krull C., Vilmer N. RHESSI / Observations of particle acceleration and energy release in an intense solar gamma-ray line flare. Astrophys. J. 2003, vol. 595, pp. L69–L76.
58. Liu W., Chen Q., Petrosian V. Plasmoid ejections and loop contractions in an eruptive M7.7 solar flare: evidence of particle acceleration and heating in magnetic reconnection outflows. Astrophys. J. 2013, vol. 767, pp. 168–186. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/767/2/168.
59. Otchet o nauchno-issledovatel’skoi i nauchno-organizat-sionnoi deyatel’nosti v 2016 godu [Annual report on scientific and organizational activity in 2016]. Irkutsk, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, 2017, 249 p. (In Russian).
60. Salakhutdinova I.I., Golovko A.A. The variations of the scaling parameters of the structure functions in solar active regions at the pre-flare stage. Solar Phys. 2005, vol. 225, pp. 59–74. DOI: 10.1007%2Fs11207-004-2720-4.
61. Sattarov I.S., Ogir’ M.B., Delone A.B., Borovik A.V. On the development of flare activity of sunspot group SD N135(1984). Astronomicheskii tsirkulyar [Astronomical Circular]. 1985, no. 1413, pp. 1–2. (In Russian).
62. Sidorov V.I., Adel’khanov S.S. Intensity and electrodynamic parameters of May 14, 1981 solar flare. Vzaimodeistvie izluchenii i polei s veshchestvom. Materialy Btoroi Baikal’skoi molodezhnoi nauchnoi shkoly po fundamental’noi fizike [Interaction of fields and with matter radiation. The 2nd Baikal Young Scientists’ School On Fundamental Physics (September 13–18, 1999)]. Irkutsk, 1999, vol. 2, pp. 576–582. (In Russian).
63. Sidorov V.I., Kichigin G.N., Yazev S.A. On topology of coronal mass ejections during strong flare events on the Sun. Izvestiya Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya “Nauki o Zemle” [The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series «Earth Sciences»]. 2010, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 139–155. (In Russian).
64. Sinkevich A.N., Yazev S.A. Observation of chromospheric manifestations of transequatorial flare disturbances. Izbrannye problemy astronomii: trudy nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii [Selected Problems in Astronomy. Proc. of Scientific and Practical Conference]. Irkutsk, Oblmashinform Publ., 2001, pp. 163–167. (In Russian).
65. Stepanov V.E., Trifonov V.D. Effect of interlens distance on residual chromatism of twin-lens objective. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1974, iss. 31, pp. 65–67. (In Russian).
66. Trifonov V.D. Peculiarities in structure of the large filament-prominence in June–July 1982. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1985, iss. 72, pp. 171–174. (In Russian).
67. Yazev S.A. Loop structures related to May 13 and 16 1981 flares. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1983, iss. 65, pp. 165–171. (In Russian).
68. Yazev S.A. On chromospheric structures of regular shape. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1985, iss. 72, pp. 164–171. (In Russian).
69. Yazev S.A. On structure and evolution of activity complex on the Sun. Kinematika i fizika nebesnykh tel [Kinematics and Physics of Celestial Bodies]. 1990а, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 58–66. (In Russian).
70. Yazev S.A. On some features of August 23, 1988 flare. Solnechnye dannye [Solar Data]. 1990б, no. 7, pp. 77–81. (In Russian).
71. Yazev S.A. The activity complexes on the Sun in 1980–2008. Comments to data catalog. Izvestiya Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya “Nauki o Zemle” [The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series «Earth Sciences»]. 2010a, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 217–225. (In Russian).
72. Yazev S.A. The coronal holes and activity complexes on the Sun. Izvestiya Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya “Nauki o Zemle” [The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series «Earth Sciences»]. 2010b, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 226–241. (In Russian).
73. Yazev S.A. Phenomenon of Activity Complexes on the Sun. Irkutsk, Irkutsk State University Publ., 2014, 377 p. (In Russian).
74. Yazev S.A. Activity complexes on the Sun in solar cycle 24. Astronomy Reports. 2015, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 228–237. DOI: 10.1134/S1063772915030075.
75. Yazev S.A., Khmyrov G.M. The filament observation in June 1984. Solnechnye dannye [Solar Data]. 1986, no. 8, pp. 76–82. (In Russian).
76. Yazev S.A., Khmyrov G.M. On a relation between certain properties of a filament and large-scale magnetic field system. Solnechnye dannye [Solar Data]. 1987, no. 12, pp. 75–80. (In Russian).
77. Yazev S.A., Rozhina A.I. On early identification of activity complexes on the Sun. Trudy IV s’ezda astronomicheskogo obshchestva [Proc. of the IV Congress of the Astronomical Society]. Moscow, Sovremennyi pisatel’ Publ., 1998, pp. 287–291. (In Russian).
78. Yazev S.A., Zubkova G.N., Lubyshev B.N., Nefedyev V.P. On unexpected flare of August 23, 1988. Solnechnye dannye [Solar Data]. 1990, no. 6, pp. 76–81. (In Russian).
79. Zherebtsov G.A., Yazev S.A. International Heliophysical Year. Vestnik RAN [Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. 2008, vol. 78, no. 3, pp. 202–215. (In Russian).
