Objective of research: to study the nematode infestation of the sable and pine marten in Western Siberia. Materials and methods: Altogether 169 individuals of the sable and 18 — of the pine marten were investigated using the method of partial dissection of the gastrointestinal tract and lungs. Animals were caught according to the hunting license in 2009-2011 and 2014-2015, in 8 areas of Western Siberia from the south taiga to the northern forest-steppe. Results and discussion: We have found four species of parasitic nematodes, two of which (Crenosoma petrovi, Filaroides martis) were localized in lungs and two species (Capillaria putorii, Strongyloides martis) — in the intestine of the sable and the pine marten. Prevalence of lung nematodes was 80%, intestine nematodes — 40%. Intensity of infestation ranged from 26 to 358 nematodes per animal. F. martis is the most pathogenic and most common helminth in martens in Western Siberia. 53,3% of pine martens and 26,5% of sables were infected with this nematode species. Nematode S. martis is the most abundant in the intestine. In pine martens the extensity of invasion was 42,8%, the abundance index — 8.29 helminths per animal; in sables — 9,1% and 1.18, respectively. Pine martens were infected by F. martes and S. martis more than sables (p — 0,05). Prevalence increases in the direction from the North East (taiga) to the South West (sub-taiga), which determines the intensity of the helminthiases focus in biocenoses of Western Siberia. Infection of pine martens in the forest-steppe was not detected. In 2014–2015 compared with the previous study period (2009–2011) the extensity of invasion with intestinal nematodes increased by 1,5–2 times, and with highly pathogenic lung parasites — by 3 times. The increase in the helminth infestation may be explained by the growth of animal population density.
sable, Martes zibellina, pine marten, Martes martes, infestation, nematodes.
Введение
Соболь Martes zibellina и лесная куница M. martes относятся к ценным охотничье-промысловым видам. На численность их популяций существенное влияние могут оказывать паразиты. По литературным данным, природные популяции соболя и лесной куницы инвазированы гельминтами на 60–80%. У соболя в пределах ареала зарегистрировано 32 вида гельминтов, включая 24 вида нематод, 4 — цестод, 2 — трематод и 2 — акантоцефал, у куницы — 29 видов, в том числе 19 — нематод, 5 — трематод и 5 — цестод [4]. Как по видовому разнообразию, так и по показателям инвазии преобладают нематоды. Например, в Воронежской области инвазированность лесной куницы нематодами достигает 100%, в то время как цестодами и трематодами — 14,7% [8]. На севере Европейской части России у соболя найдено 8 видов гельминтов, у лесной куницы — 12 [9], в Западной Европе гельминтофауна лесной куницы более разнообразна [11].
Фауна гельминтов куньих Западной Сибири практически не исследована. Есть указания на существование в Западной Сибири мощного очага филяроидоза куньих. В этом очаге у зараженных соболей в 2,5 раза сокращается средняя продолжительность жизни, в 1,5–2,8 раза возрастает уровень общей смертности, снижается потенциальная плодовитость самок [6].
Цель данной работы — исследование зараженности нематодами соболя и лесной куницы Западной Сибири.
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