INFLUENCE OF THE CONCENTRATE WITH VARIOUS FRACTIONAL COMPOSITION OF PROTEINS ON MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS AND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CONTENT OF MILK

Gazimzyan Sharafutdinov; Evgeniy Krupin; Shamil&#039; Shakirov

doi:doi:10.12737/article_593689b4e85f88.78170922

UDC 63

INFLUENCE OF THE CONCENTRATE WITH VARIOUS FRACTIONAL COMPOSITION OF PROTEINS ON MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS AND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CONTENT OF MILK

Published в Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University · Volume 12, Issue 1, 2017 · Pages 56–61 · Rubrics: Sel'skohozyaystvennye nauki

DOI 10.12737/article_593689b4e85f88.78170922

Received: 06.06.2017 Accepted: 14.07.2017 Published: 14.07.2017 Language of publication: RUS

Authors

Gazimzyan Sharafutdinov ¹ · Evgeniy Krupin ² · Shamil' Shakirov ³

1 Kazan State Agrarian University

2 Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture - separate structural subdivision of “Federal Research Center “Kazan Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Researcher)
Russian Federation

3 Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture - separate structural subdivision of “Federal Research Center “Kazan Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (Center for Breeding and Seed, Researcher)
Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

The feeding of milk cows using extruded energy-protein concentrates (EEPC), obtained from corn, pea, rye, rape, taken in equal proportions was optimized. When the grain mixture is extruded, the content of dry matter (to 4.0%), raw protein (to 1.3%) increases in it, the proportion of albumins and globulins decreases significantly (to 24.7%), and the proportion of prolamins, glutelins, unsplit residue increases (to 11.6% and 13.1% respectively). The greatest increase in milk productivity (to 33.6%) when recalculating to basic fat content was established when feeding an animal with an addition of 1.5 kilogram per head per day. As the norms for feeding the concentrate increase, the mass fraction of fat in milk of cows increases. Its highest content was recorded when this concentrate was introduced into the ration in an amount of 2.0 kilogram per head per day. The maximum economic effect per 1 milk cow during the period of the experiment is 6449.7 rubles and it was obtained in animals of Group III (in terms of the basis fat content of milk and the cost of 1 kilogram of concentrate - 10.02 rubles). The maximum economic efficiency per 1 ruble of additional costs were received from animals of Group II - 10.6 rubles. However, when feeding dairy cows with a maximum dose of an additive equal to 2.0 kilogram per head per day, the economic effect and economic efficiency per 1 ruble of the additional costs, respectively, amounted to 4,169.5 and 4.0 rubles, which is significantly lower than the indices of animals in groups II and III.

KEYWORDS

feed extrusion quality protein milk fat productivity efficiency.

Information Text References

Authors:

1. Kazan State Agrarian University

2. Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture - separate structural subdivision of “Federal Research Center “Kazan Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Researcher)

Russian Federation

3. Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture - separate structural subdivision of “Federal Research Center “Kazan Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (Center for Breeding and Seed, Researcher)

Russian Federation

Type:

Article

Pages:

from 56 to 61

Status:

Published

Subject area:

UDC 63

Language:

Russian

Keywords:

feed, extrusion, quality, protein, milk, fat, productivity, efficiency.

Text

Text (PDF): Read Download

Уровень использования азотистых веществ корма на образование продукции животными остается низким. Повышение эффективности конверсии протеина корма в белок организма и продукции во многом определяется сбалансированностью рационов животных полноценным и доступным для усвоения протеином. Зернобобовые и крестоцветные культуры в Республике Татарстан должны стать основными импортозамещающими балансирующими источниками энергии, протеина и незаменимых аминокислот в рационах и комбикормах [1, 2, 3, 4].

На потребность животного в кормовом белке существенное влияние оказывает уровень его продуктивности, а степень распадаемости протеина корма в рубце жвачных существенно влияет на использование питательных веществ рациона в целом [5, 6, 7]. Зернобобовые и крестоцветные культуры содержат в своем составе вещества, которые могут значительно снижать их питательную ценность.

Одним из эффективных способов инактивации антипитательных веществ и защиты протеина от распада в рубце жвачных является экструзия — кратковременное, но очень интенсивное механическое и баротермическое воздействие на зерна различных кормовых культур [8, 9, 10].

Целью исследований явилось изучить продуктивное действие полученного посредством экструзии энергопротеинового концентрата. В задачи входило: подбор компонентов и производство ЭЭПК, оценка химического и фракционного состава и питательности полученного концентрата, определение влияния его скармливания дойным коровам на уровень молочной продуктивности, подсчет содержания жира в молоке и анализ экономической эффективности использования ЭЭПК.

Материалы и методы исследований. В ООО СХП «Татарстан» Балтасинского района Республики Татарстан были отобраны дойные коровы холмогорской породы Татарстанского типа (п=52). Группы животных для проведения опыта сформировали по принципу пар-аналогов. Коров разделили на 4 равные группы (п=13). Количество дней доения коров на момент начала исследований составляло 144 дня. Опыт продолжался 56 дней до достижения животными 200 дней лактации и завершения периода разгара. Дойные коровы I (контрольной) группы получали основной хозяйственный рацион (ОР). Животные II, III, IV (опытных) групп дополнительно к ОР получали ЭЭПК в количестве соответственно 1,0; 1,5 и 2,0 кг на 1 голову в сутки. В последующих исследованиях предусмотрена эквивалентная замена компонентов рациона исходя из содержания энергии и протеина в ЭЭПК. Его скармливали дойным коровам отдельно, как самостоятельный компонент рациона. Рассчитали фактические среднесуточные рационы кормления животных контрольной и опытной групп.

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15. Gibadullina F.S. Rezervy povysheniya proteinovoy pitatelnosti kormov i ratsionov dlya krupnogo rogatogo skota na sovremennom etape. [Reserves of protein nutrition increase in feed and rations for cattle at the present stage]. Kazan. Izdatelstvo “Fen”. 2007. P. 188.

16. Dvoretskaya T.N., Matveev V.A., Butrov E.V. K voprosu o vliyanii ratsionov s raznym kachestvom proteina i krakhmala na kontsentratsiyu insulina, kortizola i tiroksina i laktiruyushchikh korov. / Tretya mezhdunar. konf. “Aktualnye problemy biologii v zhivotnovodstve”. (On the influence of diets with different quality of protein and starch on the concentration of insulin, cortisol and thyroxin and lactating cows. / Third International conference “Actual problems of biology in animal husbandry”). Borovsk. 2000. P. 71-72.

17. Importozameschayuschie energoproteinovye kormovye dobavki: tekhnologiya proizvodstva i ispolzovaniya v molochnom skotovodstve: prakticheskie rekomendatsii. [Import-substituting energy-protein fodder additives: technology of production and use in dairy cattle: practical recommendations]. / Sh. K. Shakirov, N. N. Khazipov, F. S. Gibadullina, E.O. Krupin, R.R. Khuzin, R.N. Fayzrakhmanov, I.T. Bikchantaev. Kazan: Tsentr innovatsionnykh tekhnologiy. 2015. P. 408.

18. Pavlovskaya N. E. Belkovyy kompleks zernobobovykh kultur i puti povysheniya ego kachestva. [The protein complex of leguminous crops and ways to improve its quality]. Orel, 2003. P. 216.

19. Erskov E. R. Proteinovoe pitanie zhvachnykh zhivotnykh. [Protein feeding of ruminants]. M.: Agropromizdat, 1985. P. 482.

20. Korshunov V. N. Biosintez mikrobnogo belka v rubtse korov v zavisimosti ot kachestva protein. [Biosynthesis of microbial protein in cows rumen, depending on the quality of the protein]. / V. N. Korshunov, N. V. Kurilov. - M., 1985. - P. 85.

21. Kosolapov V. Quality and efficiency of feeds. [Kachestvo i effektivnost kormov]. / V. Kosolapov, A. Fitsev, A. Gaganov // Zhivotnovodstvo Rossii. - Livestock of Russia. - 2010. - №11. - P. 50-52.

22. Kharitonov E.L., Mysik N.D. Solution of the problem of protein nutrition of cows in the help of livestock specialists. [Reshenie problemy proteinovogo pitaniya korov v pomosch zootekhniku]. // Molochnaya promyshlennost. - Dairy industry. № 6, 2011. P. 73-74.

23. Proizvodstvo i ispolzovanie ekstrudirovannykh energoproteinovykh kontsentratov v molochnom skotovodstve: spravochnik. [Production and use of extruded energy-protein concentrates in dairy cattle: a reference book]. / Sh. K. Shakirov, N. N. Khazipov, F. S. Gibadullina, E.O. Krupin, R.R. Khuzin, R.N. Fayzrakhmanov, F.K. Akhmetzyanova, R.R. Zaydullin, F.R. Vafin, S.R. Sabirov, V.A. Khabibullina, L.N. Shayakhmetova. Kazan: Tsentr innovatsionnykh tekhnologiy. 2016. P. 48.

24. Shakirov Sh.K., Krupin E.O., Sabirov S.R. Fractional composition of concentrate proteins for milking cows and its productive effect. [Fraktsionnyy sostav proteinov kontsentrata dlya doynykh korov i ego produktivnoe deystvie]. // Molochnoe i myasnoe skotovodstvo. - Dairy and meat cattle breeding. Moskva. 2016. №8. P. 16-19.

25. Kalashnikov A.P. Normy i ratsiony kormleniya selskokhozyaystvennykh zhivotnykh: Spravochnoe posobie. [Norms and rations of feeding of farm animals: a reference book]. Agropromizdat, 2003. P. 456.

26. Petukhova E.A. Zootekhnicheskiy analiz kormov. [Zootechnical analysis of feeds]. M.: 1981. P. 255.

27. Pleshkov B.P. Praktikum po biokhimii rasteniy. [Workshop on Plant Biochemistry]. M. “Kolos”. 1968. P. 183.

28. Klassifikatsiya sposobov inaktivatsii antipitatelnykh veschestv. // International Scientific and Practical Conference “WORLD SCIENCE”. (Classification of inactivation methods of anti-nutrients. / Frolov V.Yu., Sysoev D.P., Klasner G.G., Gorb S.S. // International Scientific and Practical Conference “WORLD SCIENCE”. Krasnodar. 2016. Vol.1. № 4(8). P. 39-43.

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INFLUENCE OF THE CONCENTRATE WITH VARIOUS FRACTIONAL COMPOSITION OF PROTEINS ON MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS AND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CONTENT OF MILK

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