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Pahotnyy sloy pochvy dlya vosproizvodstva produkcii rastenievodstva po agro-tehnicheskim trebovaniyam sozdaetsya vybrannoy tehnologiey [1, 2]. Agronom reshaet vo-prosy po mehanizacii agropriemov i operaciy na vseh stadiyah polucheniya i sohraneniya pochvennogo sloya. Pol'zuyas' principom minimal'noy obrabotki pochvennogo sloya, vy-straivaetsya vozmozhnost' i celesoobraznost' sovmescheniya tehnologicheskih operaciy mashinnymi agregatami. Minimal'naya obrabotka pochvy – eto sovokupnost' priemov, obespechivayuschih minimal'nuyu deformacii pochvy s sohraneniem poroznosti pod deyst-viem hodovyh sistem i rabochih organov sel'skohozyaystvennyh mashin [3, 4]. Eta obra-botka pochvy harakterizuetsya sokrascheniem kolichestva i glubiny obrabotki, zamenoy ne-skol'kih tehnologicheskih operaciy na odnu. Intensivnost' priemov tehnologiy dolzhna obespechivat' maksimal'noe proyavlenie poleznyh svoystv ili sohraneniya fiziko-himicheskih svoystv pochv v polevyh usloviyah. Industrializaciya tehnologiy predpolaga-et sovokupnost' mehanizirovannyh rabot, kogda obespechivaetsya maksimal'nyy urozhay sel'skohozyaystvennyh kul'tur vysokogo kachestva v konkretnyh pochvenno-klimaticheskih usloviyah. V rabote rassmatrivaetsya modelirovanie pochvennogo sloya s primeneniem pod-hoda fiziko-himicheskoy mehaniki. Vydelyayutsya tri tipa sostoyaniya sistemy dispersi-onnyh mineral'nyh chastic i dispersionnoy sredy. Pervyy tip opredelyaetsya tverdoy fazoy – gaz (vozduh), pochva stanovitsya tverdoy i zhestkoy. Vtoroy tip opredelyaetsya tver-doy fazoy i zhidkost' (voda), pochva stanovitsya zhidkoy i vlazhnoy. Tretiy tip opredelya-etsya tverdoy fazoy – zhidkost' – gaz – organicheskaya kompoziciya, pochva stanovitsya «zhi-voy». V zavisimosti ot sootnosheniya tverdoy fazy i dispersionnoy sredy, kotoraya zapolnyaet svobodnye ob'emy (poroznosti - pustotnosti) pochvennogo sloya poluchayutsya svoystva «zhivogo» pahotnogo sloya. Glavnymi faktorami kachestva pochvennogo sloya eto sposobnost' okazyvat' soprotivlenie vozdeystvuyuschim na nee silam. Prisutstvie v poch-ve dostatochnogo kolichestva vlagi i vysokomolekulyarnogo organicheskogo materiala for-miruet ekologicheskie i biologicheskie i reologicheskie svoystva pochvennogo sloya [5, 6].
ekologiya, mashina, agregat, pochva, mehanika, kombayn, kolos, soloma, izmel'chenie, poroznost', reologiya, model' pochvy, relaksaciya.
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3. Levshin A.G., Erohin M. N. Nauchno-metodicheskie osnovy formirovaniya normirovan-noy shkaly tverdosti pochvy // Vestnik FGOU VO MGAU. 2017. №6 (82). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nauchno-metodicheskie-osnovy-formirovaniya-normirovannoy-shkaly-tverdosti-pochvy (data obrascheniya: 13.04.2018). KiberLeninka: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nauchno-metodicheskie-osnovy-formirovaniya-normirovannoy-shkaly-tverdosti-pochvy
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9. Anan'ev I.P. Mobil'nyy kompleks dlya kontaktnogo izmereniya parametrov fizichesko-go sostoyaniya pahotnogo sloya pochvy // Zemledelie. 2012. №4. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/mobilnyy-kompleks-dlya-kontaktnogo-izmereniya-parametrov-fizicheskogo-sostoyaniya-pahotnogo-sloya-pochvy (data obrascheniya: 13.04.2018). KiberLeninka: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/mobilnyy-kompleks-dlya-kontaktnogo-izmereniya-parametrov-fizicheskogo-sostoyaniya-pahotnogo-sloya-pochvy
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11. Eremin D.I. Agrogennoe izmenenie granulometricheskogo sostava pri raspashke cherno-zema vyschelochennogo v lesostepnoy zone Zaural'ya // Vestnik KrasGAU. 2014. №8. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/agrogennoe-izmenenie-granulometricheskogo-sostava-pri-raspashke-chernozema-vyschelochennogo-v-lesostepnoy-zone-zauralya (data obrascheniya: 13.04.2018). KiberLeninka: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/agrogennoe-izmenenie-granulometricheskogo-sostava-pri-raspashke-chernozema-vyschelochennogo-v-lesostepnoy-zone-zauralya
12. Rodimcev S.A., Yagel'skiy M.Yu. Ocenka kachestva raboty izmel'chiteley zernouboroch-nyh kombaynov // Vestnik agrarnoy nauki Dona. 2013. №1 (21). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/otsenka-kachestva-raboty-izmelchiteley-zernouborochnyh-kombaynov (data obrascheniya: 13.04.2018). KiberLenin-ka: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/otsenka-kachestva-raboty-izmelchiteley-zernouborochnyh-kombaynov
