Moskva, Moscow, Russian Federation
The article presents the results of a study carried out in the laboratory of primary general education of the Institute of Education Development Strategy of the Russian Academy of Education, to determine the reasons for the difficulties that appear in younger schoolchildren in the process of mastering the content of elementary school subjects. Typical general didactic problems arising in the professional activity of a teacher and provoking mistakes and difficulties of the student are discussed. The groups of primary school students with different levels of success in educational activities are characterized, recommendations are given to the teacher on the organization of individually differentiated work, taking into account the level of success of each student.
younger schoolchildren; the success of educational activities; learning difficulties; individually differentiated approach, taking into account the level of success of each student; achievement of metasubject learning outcomes; the formation of universal educational actions
1. Vinogradova N.F. Kontseptsiya nachal'nogo obrazovaniya. Nachal'naya shkola XXI veka [The concept of primary education. Elementary school of the XXI century]. Moscow: Ventana-Graf Publ., 2017. 63 p.
2. Vinogradova N.F., Rydze O.A. Realizatsiya trebovaniy standarta pri izuchenii predmeta «Okruzhayushchiy mir»: ot predmetnykh deystviy k universal'nym. Lektsii 1–4 [Implementation of the requirements of the standard in the study of the subject "World around": from objective actions to universal ones. Lectures 1–4]. Moscow: Pervoe sentyabrya Publ., 2013. 64 p.
3. Vinogradova N.F., Rydze O.A. Formirovanie poznavatel'nykh universal'nykh uchebnykh deystviy [Formation of regulative universal educational actions]. Moscow: Prosveshchenie Publ., 2018. 107 p.
4. Kochurova E.E., Kuznetsova M.I. Formirovanie regulyativnykh universal'nykh uchebnykh deystviy [Formation of regulative universal educational actions]. Moscow: Prosveshchenie Publ., 2018. 144 p.
5. Kuznetsova M.I., Romanova V.Yu., Khomyakova I.S. Formirovanie kommunikativnykh universal'nykh uchebnykh deystviy [Formation of communicative universal educational actions]. Moscow: Prosveshchenie Publ., 2018. 160 p.
6. Stepanova O.A., Rydze O.A. Didakticheskie igry na urokakh v nachal'noy shkole [Didactic games in the classroom in elementary school]. Moscow: Sfera Publ., 2005. 96 p.
7. Universal'nye uchebnye deystviya kak planiruemyy rezul'tat obucheniya v nachal'noy shkole [Universal learning activities as a planned result of learning in elementary school]. Moscow: Institut strategii razvitiya obrazovaniya RAO Publ., 2016. 218 p.
8. Funktsional'naya gramotnost' mladshego shkol'nika [Functional literacy of a younger student]. Moscow: Rossiyskiy uchebnik Publ., 2018. 279 p.