Russian Federation
Russian Federation
The problem of studying the national historical experience of fire safety management is actualized. The current state of public administration in the fire sector and its impact on the level of national security is taken into account. The categories «fire safety» and «fire safety management» are used in the connotation of the Federal Law «On Fire Safety» of 1994 as amended in 2022. Insufficient degree of research of this direction of state activity is revealed. The existence of a thousand-year tradition of ensuring fire safety by the forces and means of the population on the principles of voluntary and compulsory participation is substantiated. The content of the centuries–old practice of fire safety management is revealed, the essence of which is the publication of regulatory documents containing requirements for compliance with fire-fighting measures by the population, sanctions against violators and the use of voluntary fire brigades in fighting fires. The features of governance at different stages of the formation and development of our state are revealed: during the existence of the Slavic principalities, in the Moscow state and in the Russian Empire. Inconsistency of management decisions of the state in professionalization of fire protection in the XIX century is revealed.
safety, fire, decree, princely administration, «command» management system, «slingshot guard», «lattice guard», fire brigade, state maintenance, fire service, voluntary fire movement, charter, Imperial Russian Fire Society, EMERCOM of Russia
1. O sostoyanii zaschity naseleniya i territoriy Rossiyskoy Federacii ot chrezvychaynyh situaciy prirodnogo i tehnogennogo haraktera v 2021 godu. Gosudarstvennyy doklad. URL: https://www.mchs.gov.ru/uploads/document/2022-03-11/50472c944efd64370 (data obrascheniya: 19.05.2022).
2. 2021 god stal tret'im s nachala veka po obschey ploschadi, proydennoy lesnymi pozharami. URL: https://greenpeace.ru/news/2021/08/03/2021-god- (data obrascheniya: 19.05.2022).
3. AR6 Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. URL: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1 (data obrascheniya: 19.05.2022).
4. O pozharnoy bezopasnosti. Federal'nyy zakon ot 21.12.1994 № 69-FZ (red. ot 16.04.2022). URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_5438/bb9e97fad9d14ac66df4b6e67c453d1be3b77b4c/ (data obrascheniya: 19.05.2022).
5. Smirnova A.A., Talashova A.A. Sistema sovetskogo zakonodatel'stva o pozharnoy bezopasnosti (po materialam boevyh ustavov pozharnoy ohrany 1937, 1940, 1953, 1970 gg.) // Nauch.-analit. zhurn. «Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta GPS MChS Rossii». – 2016. – № 1. – S. 122–129.
6. Golubev S.G. Pozharnoe delo v SSSR / Pod obsch. red. kand. tehn. nauk N.A. Tarasova-Agalakova. – M.: Stroyizdat, 1968. – 307 s.
7. Vinogradov V.N., Kuchumova N.V., Schablov N.N. Rycari ognya. Ocherki po istorii pozharnogo dela. – SPb.: Pozhservis, 1997. – 431 s.
8. Evdokimov A.S. Organy mestnogo samoupravleniya i pozharnaya bezopasnost': istoriko-pravovoy aspekt // V sbornike: Innovacii v prirodoobustroystve i zaschite v chrezvychaynyh situaciyah. Materialy VIII Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii. – Saratov, 2021. – S. 299-303.
9. Baramatov A.I. Organizaciya profilaktiki i pozharotusheniya na territorii Rossii i Chuvashii (XV–XX vv.) // V sbornike: Problemy vysshego obrazovaniya i sovremennye tendencii sociogumanitarnogo znaniya (VIII Arsent'evskie chteniya). Sbornik materialov Vserossiyskoy nauchnoy konferencii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem, 2020. – S. 107-113.
10. Anan'eva G.V. Problema pozharnoy bezopasnosti v Kurskoy gubernii v 1925-1928 gg. // Vestnik Adygeyskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 1: Regionovedenie: filosofiya, istoriya, sociologiya, yurisprudenciya, politologiya, kul'turologiya. – 2014. – № 4 (148). – S. 38-42.
11. Pozharnoe delo v Rossii: hrestomatiya / N.N. Schablov, V.N. Vinogradov, V.P. Bessonov; Akad. Rossiyskih encikl. – SPb.: Bezopasnost'-2, 2007. – 687 s.
12. Chizhikov E.N., Vinogradov V.N., Lugovoy A.A., Bolokan V.I. Pozharno-spasatel'naya istoricheskaya enciklopediya v 3 t. / Pod obsch. red. E.N. Chizhikova. – SPb.: Sankt-Peterburgskiy universitet GPS MChS Rossii, 2019.
13. Schablov N.N. Pylayuschaya Rus'. – SPb: B.i., 1996. – 484 s.
14. Vinogradov V.N., Kiselev V.F., Schablov N.N. Istoriya ognennoy civilizacii. – SPb: Izdatel'stvo Akademii rossiyskih enciklopediy, 2010. – 260 s.
15. Musienko T.V., Lukin V.N., Vinogradov V.N. Minina A.P. [i dr.]. Istoriya pozharnogo dela v biografiyah rukovoditeley i vydayuschihsya deyateley Rossii. Monografiya v 2 t. / Pod red. E.N. Chizhikova. – SPb: SPb un-t GPS MChS Rossii, 2019.
16. Musienko T.V., Vinogradov V.N., Lukin V.N., Bolokan V.I., Minina A.P. Gody boevye. Pozharno-tehnicheskaya shkola № 2 v gody Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny. Monografiya v 2 t. / Pod obschey red. B.V. Gavkalyuka. – SPb: SPb. un-t GPS MChS Rossii, 2020.
17. Skipskiy G.A., Lugovoy A.A. Problemy pozharnoy bezopasnosti dorevolyucionnogo rossiyskogo sela // Psihologo-pedagogicheskie problemy bezopasnosti cheloveka i obschestva. – 2011. – № 2 (11). – S. 77-81.
18. Smirnova A.A., Musienko T.V., Nemchenko S.B., Prokof'eva S.M., Titova E.A. O proekte pozharnoy reformy v Rossii A.D. Sheremeteva // Pozharovzryvobezopasnost'. – 2020. – T. 29. – № 4. – S. 6-14.
19. Pravda Russkaya / Akad. nauk SSSR, in-t istorii; pod obsch. red. B.D. Grekova. M.; L.: izd-vo Akad. nauk SSSR, 1940–1963 (L.). – T. 3. – S. 43–67.
20. Zakon sudnyy lyudem prostrannoy i svodnoy redakcii / Pod red. M.N. Tihomirova. – M.: Akademiya nauk SSSR, 1961. – 287 s.
21. Vernadskiy G.V. Mongoly i Rus'. Gl. V. – Tver': Izdatel'stvo LEAN; M.: Agraf, 1997. – 429 s.
22. Pamyatniki russkogo prava. Vyp. 3: Pamyatniki prava perioda obrazovaniya Russkogo centralizovannogo gosudarstva XIV–XV vv. / Pod red. L.V. Cherepnina. – M.: Gos. izd. yur. lit., 1955. – S. 341-418.
23. Pashuto V.T., Florya B.N., Horoshkevich A.L. Drevnerusskoe nasledie i istoricheskie sud'by vostochnogo slavyanstva. – M.: Nauka, 1982. – 264 s.
24. Vinogradov V.N., Lugovoĭ A.A., Minina A.P. Istoriya nadzora za pozharnoĭ bezopasnost'yu v Rossii. Ch. Ӏ. Obespechenie pozharnoĭ bezopasnosti Rossii v dorevolyucionnyĭ period. – SPb: S.-Peterb. un-t GPS MChS Rossii, 2020. – 370 s.
25. Lukin V.N. Dobrovol'naya pozharnaya ohrana: zarozhdenie tradiciy. Monografiya / Seriya «Dobrovol'naya pozharnaya ohrana: vekovye tradicii». Vyp. 1. – SPb: SPb. un-t MChS Rossii, 2021. – 212 s.
26. Prof. V. Klyuchevskіy. Kurs' Russkoy istorіi. Ch. I: Izdanіe tret'e. –M.: Tipografіya G. Lissnera i D. Sovko, 1908. Lekcіi XXXIII, XXXIX, XLVII.
27. Carstvovanie Gosudarya Carya i Velikago Knyazya Alekseya Mihaylovicha. 7157–1649. 1. Ulozhenie // Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiyskoy Imperii, s 1649 goda. – SPb: V tipografii Vtorogo otdeleniya Sobstvennoy Ego Imperatorskogo Velichestva kancelyarii, 1830–1851. – T. 1: S 1649 po 1675. – 1830. S. 1-161.
28. Nakaz' o Gradskom blagochinii // Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiyskoy Imperii, s 1649 goda. – SPb: V tipografii Vtorogo otdeleniya Sobstvennoy Ego Imperatorskogo Velichestva kancelyarii, 1830–1851. – T. 1: S. 1649 po 1675. – 1830. S. 164-166.
29. Ob ustanovlenii Dnya pozharnoy ohrany: Ukaz Prezidenta Rossiyskoy Federacii ot 30 aprelya 1999 g. № 539. URL: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/13772 (data obrascheniya: 17.05.2022).
30. Ustav blagochiniya ili Policeyskoy: Chast' pervaya: [Utverzhden v Sankt-Peterburge aprelya 8 dnya 1782 goda]. [SPb: Senat. tip., 1782]. [4], 75, [1] s.
31. Fal'kovskiy N.I. Moskva v istorii tehniki. – M.: Moskovskiy rabochiy, 1950. – 162 s.
32. Ob uchrezhdenii pri policii osobennoĭ pozharnoĭ komandy. Imennoy Ukaz Imperatora Aleksandra I ot 29 noyabrya 1802 // PSZ, I, t. 27. № 20532?. – SPb., 1830. – S. 377-378.
33. O povinnostyah obyvateley goroda Sankt-Peterburga PSZ, I, t. 27. № 20816. – SPb., 1830. – S. 700-704.
34. Neskol'ko slov po povodu 700-letney godovschiny velikogo Novgorodskogo pozhara // Pozharnoe Delo. – God 1. Iyul' 1894. – № 1.
35. Musienko T.V. Dobrovol'naya pozharnaya ohrana: Imperatorskoe Rossiyskoe pozharnoe obschestvo. Monografiya / Seriya «Dobrovol'naya pozharnaya ohrana: vekovye tradicii». Vyp. 2. – SPb: SPb. un-t MChS Rossii, 2021. – 220 s.
36. Lukin V.N., Vinogradov V.N., Minina A.P. Gubernskie dobrovol'nye pozharnye formirovaniya Rossiyskoy Imperii. Monografiya / Seriya «Dobrovol'naya pozharnaya ohrana: vekovye tradicii». Vyp. 3. – SPb: SPb. un-t MChS Rossii, 2021. – 228 s.
37. Proekt Pozharnoy reformy v Rossii. Sostavlen grafom A.D. Sheremetevym pri uchastii Hersonskogo brandmeystera K. Bezsonova. – S.-Peterburg: Tipo-litografiya D. Semenyukova, 1895. – 125 s.
