ON THE LEGAL STATUS OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS AND NOVICE RESEARCHERS: RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
Rubrics: LABOR LAW AND SOCIAL WELFARE LAW
Authors:
1.
Russian Federation
2.
Russian Federation
Type:
Article
Pages:
from 1
to 1
Status:
Published
Received:
02.01.2023
Accepted:
10.02.2023
Published:
02.01.2023
Subject area:
UDK 34 Право. Юридические науки
Language:
Russian
Keywords:
nauchnye issledovaniya, molodoy uchenyy, nachinayuschiy issledovatel', pravovoy status, podderzhka molodyh uchenyh, stipendii, granty
Abstract (English):
Sovremennye vyzovy nauchno-tehnologicheskogo razvitiya i neobhodimost' obespecheniya nacional'noy bezopasnosti aktualiziruyut voprosy sohraneniya rossiyskoy nauchnoy tradicii, podgotovki molodyh nauchnyh kadrov i sozdaniya usloviy dlya sokrascheniya nauchnoy migracii. Rossiyskoe gosudarstvo predprinimaet nemalo usiliy dlya preodoleniya negativnoy situacii v nauke, slozhivsheysya v nachale 2000‑h gg., harakterizovavsheysya kak snizheniem kolichestva i kachestva nauchnyh issledovaniy, tak i ottokom talantlivyh uchenyh za rubezh dlya prodolzheniya nauchnoy kar'ery. Mezhdu tem do nastoyaschego vremeni na zakonodatel'nom urovne ne zakrepleno ponyatie «molodoy uchenyy», otsutstvuyut garantii deyatel'nosti molodyh uchenyh, a mery po ih podderzhke imeyut bessistemnyy harakter. Problema deficita nauchnyh kadrov svoystvenna ne tol'ko Rossii. V «postkovidnyh» usloviyah mnogie gosudarstva oschutili rezkuyu nehvatku molodyh issledovateley, kotorye predpochli v nestabil'nyy ekonomicheskiy period pandemii finansovo bolee blagonadezhnye sfery biznesa i proizvodstva. Osobenno naglyadno eto proyavlyaetsya v sfere fundamental'nyh nauk, gde ostro stoit problema diversifikacii akademicheskih kadrov. Resheniyu etoy problemy sposobstvuet prodvizhenie razlichnyh form stimulirovaniya nauchnoy deyatel'nosti i mer social'noy podderzhki issledovateley. V stat'e analiziruyutsya terminologicheskie osobennosti razvitiya zakonodatel'stva o nauke v chasti modifikacii ponyatiy «molodoy uchenyy», «molodoy issledovatel'», «nachinayuschiy uchenyy»; issleduyutsya predusmotrennye rossiyskim i zarubezhnym zakonodatel'stvom mery podderzhki molodyh uchenyh i nachinayuschih issledovateley. Osoboe mesto zanimaet analiz zakonodatel'stva Turcii — eto gosudarstvo ne tak davno stalo udelyat' pristal'noe vnimanie razvitiyu nauki, odnako mery po podderzhke uchenyh v etoy strane mnogoobrazny, a nekotorye iz nih unikal'ny. Cel' issledovaniya — izuchit' rossiyskiy i zarubezhnyy opyt pravovogo regulirovaniya voprosov podderzhki molodyh uchenyh i issledovateley; vyyavit' shodstva i razlichiya yuridicheskoy reglamentacii statusa molodyh uchenyh. Metody issledovaniya: sravnitel'no-pravovoy, formal'no-logicheskiy, sistemno-strukturnyy, formal'no-yuridicheskiy, metod special'no-yuridicheskogo issledovaniya i dr. Vyvod: sovershenstvovanie statusa molodyh uchenyh i nachinayuschih issledovateley ostaetsya aktual'noy zadachey razvitiya zakonodatel'stva o nauke. Pri etom zarubezhnyy opyt demonstriruet mnozhestvo raznoobraznyh mehanizmov i sredstv, s pomosch'yu kotoryh mozhno obespechit' stimulirovanie molodezhi k zanyatiyu nauchnoy deyatel'nost'yu, hotya osnovopolagayuschimi yavlyayutsya finansovye instrumenty.
Sovremennye vyzovy nauchno-tehnologicheskogo razvitiya i neobhodimost' obespecheniya nacional'noy bezopasnosti aktualiziruyut voprosy sohraneniya rossiyskoy nauchnoy tradicii, podgotovki molodyh nauchnyh kadrov i sozdaniya usloviy dlya sokrascheniya nauchnoy migracii. Rossiyskoe gosudarstvo predprinimaet nemalo usiliy dlya preodoleniya negativnoy situacii v nauke, slozhivsheysya v nachale 2000‑h gg., harakterizovavsheysya kak snizheniem kolichestva i kachestva nauchnyh issledovaniy, tak i ottokom talantlivyh uchenyh za rubezh dlya prodolzheniya nauchnoy kar'ery. Mezhdu tem do nastoyaschego vremeni na zakonodatel'nom urovne ne zakrepleno ponyatie «molodoy uchenyy», otsutstvuyut garantii deyatel'nosti molodyh uchenyh, a mery po ih podderzhke imeyut bessistemnyy harakter. Problema deficita nauchnyh kadrov svoystvenna ne tol'ko Rossii. V «postkovidnyh» usloviyah mnogie gosudarstva oschutili rezkuyu nehvatku molodyh issledovateley, kotorye predpochli v nestabil'nyy ekonomicheskiy period pandemii finansovo bolee blagonadezhnye sfery biznesa i proizvodstva. Osobenno naglyadno eto proyavlyaetsya v sfere fundamental'nyh nauk, gde ostro stoit problema diversifikacii akademicheskih kadrov. Resheniyu etoy problemy sposobstvuet prodvizhenie razlichnyh form stimulirovaniya nauchnoy deyatel'nosti i mer social'noy podderzhki issledovateley. V stat'e analiziruyutsya terminologicheskie osobennosti razvitiya zakonodatel'stva o nauke v chasti modifikacii ponyatiy «molodoy uchenyy», «molodoy issledovatel'», «nachinayuschiy uchenyy»; issleduyutsya predusmotrennye rossiyskim i zarubezhnym zakonodatel'stvom mery podderzhki molodyh uchenyh i nachinayuschih issledovateley. Osoboe mesto zanimaet analiz zakonodatel'stva Turcii — eto gosudarstvo ne tak davno stalo udelyat' pristal'noe vnimanie razvitiyu nauki, odnako mery po podderzhke uchenyh v etoy strane mnogoobrazny, a nekotorye iz nih unikal'ny. Cel' issledovaniya — izuchit' rossiyskiy i zarubezhnyy opyt pravovogo regulirovaniya voprosov podderzhki molodyh uchenyh i issledovateley; vyyavit' shodstva i razlichiya yuridicheskoy reglamentacii statusa molodyh uchenyh. Metody issledovaniya: sravnitel'no-pravovoy, formal'no-logicheskiy, sistemno-strukturnyy, formal'no-yuridicheskiy, metod special'no-yuridicheskogo issledovaniya i dr. Vyvod: sovershenstvovanie statusa molodyh uchenyh i nachinayuschih issledovateley ostaetsya aktual'noy zadachey razvitiya zakonodatel'stva o nauke. Pri etom zarubezhnyy opyt demonstriruet mnozhestvo raznoobraznyh mehanizmov i sredstv, s pomosch'yu kotoryh mozhno obespechit' stimulirovanie molodezhi k zanyatiyu nauchnoy deyatel'nost'yu, hotya osnovopolagayuschimi yavlyayutsya finansovye instrumenty.
Keywords:
nauchnye issledovaniya, molodoy uchenyy, nachinayuschiy issledovatel', pravovoy status, podderzhka molodyh uchenyh, stipendii, granty
nauchnye issledovaniya, molodoy uchenyy, nachinayuschiy issledovatel', pravovoy status, podderzhka molodyh uchenyh, stipendii, granty
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