THE SUB-CONSTITUTIONAL MODEL OF DISTRIBUTION OF COMPETENCE BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND ITS SUBJECTS: CENTRALIZATION VS AUTONOMY OF REGIONS
Rubrics: CONSTITUTIONAL AND MUNICIPAL LAW
Authors:
1.
, Russian Federation
2.
, Russian Federation
Type:
Article
Pages:
from 1
to 1
Status:
Published
Received:
03.01.2023
Accepted:
09.01.2023
Published:
03.01.2023
Subject area:
UDK 34 Право. Юридические науки
Language:
Russian
Keywords:
federalizm, centralizaciya, kompetenciya Rossiyskoy Federacii, kompetenciya sub'ektov Rossiyskoy Federacii, razgranichenie predmetov vedeniya i polnomochiy v Rossiyskoy Federacii, peredacha polnomochiy, soglashenie o peredache polnomochiy
Abstract (English):
Konstituciya Rossiyskoy Federacii razgranichivaet kompetenciyu mezhdu federal'nym i regional'nym urovnyami vlasti tol'ko v samom obschem vide: na konstitucionnom urovne zakrepleny ves'ma abstraktno sformulirovannye predmety vedeniya Rossiyskoy Federacii i ee sub'ektov, a takzhe nekotorye instrumenty utochneniya i pereraspredeleniya kompetencii. Federal'noe zakonodatel'stvo ne tol'ko detal'no raskryvaet, kakie polnomochiya skryvayutsya v kazhdom predmete vedeniya, no i sozdaet novyy, ne upomyanutyy v Konstitucii Rossii sposob pereraspredeleniya kompetencii — peredachu regionam federal'nyh polnomochiy na osnove federal'nyh normativnyh aktov. Slozhivshayasya na subkonstitucionnom urovne model' raspredeleniya kompetencii mezhdu Federaciey i ee sub'ektami dovol'no daleko evolyucionirovala ot modeli, zakreplennoy v Konstitucii Rossii, chto trebuet kompleksnogo nauchnogo osmysleniya. Cel' issledovaniya — opredelenie sformirovavsheysya k nastoyaschemu vremeni subkonstitucionnoy modeli raspredeleniya kompetencii mezhdu Rossiyskoy Federaciey i ee sub'ektami. Zadachami yavlyayutsya: vyyavlenie bazovyh elementov subkonstitucionnoy modeli; postroenie ee obschey shemy; analiz kazhdogo elementa ukazannoy modeli. Dizayn issledovaniya opredelen trehzvennoy model'yu razgranicheniya predmetov vedeniya, faktom peredachi polnomochiy mezhdu organami razlichnyh urovney vlasti, sposobami ih zakrepleniya ili peredachi. Issledovanie vklyuchaet analiz 11 elementov, vhodyaschih v model' raspredeleniya kompetencii. Avtorami primeneny formal'no-yuridicheskiy, istoricheskiy i statisticheskiy metody. Rezul'taty issledovaniya: Rossiya yavlyaetsya vysokocentralizovannoy federaciey. Predmety vedeniya Rossiyskoy Federacii dominiruyut nad predmetami sovmestnogo vedeniya Rossiyskoy Federacii i ee sub'ektov. Predmety vedeniya regionov prakticheski otsutstvuyut. Ne imeyuschaya konstitucionnoy osnovy praktika peredachi federal'nyh polnomochiy dlya osuschestvleniya organam sub'ektov Rossiyskoy Federacii putem prinyatiya federal'nogo zakona poluchila krayne aktivnoe razvitie, chto fakticheski prevraschaet dannye organy v territorial'nye podrazdeleniya federal'nyh organov. Sozdanie sobstvennyh regional'nyh polnomochiy ogranicheno kak v svyazi s bezdeystviem bol'shinstva sub'ektov Rossiyskoy Federacii, tak i vvidu sokrascheniya sfer, ne uregulirovannyh federal'nym zakonodatel'stvom.
Konstituciya Rossiyskoy Federacii razgranichivaet kompetenciyu mezhdu federal'nym i regional'nym urovnyami vlasti tol'ko v samom obschem vide: na konstitucionnom urovne zakrepleny ves'ma abstraktno sformulirovannye predmety vedeniya Rossiyskoy Federacii i ee sub'ektov, a takzhe nekotorye instrumenty utochneniya i pereraspredeleniya kompetencii. Federal'noe zakonodatel'stvo ne tol'ko detal'no raskryvaet, kakie polnomochiya skryvayutsya v kazhdom predmete vedeniya, no i sozdaet novyy, ne upomyanutyy v Konstitucii Rossii sposob pereraspredeleniya kompetencii — peredachu regionam federal'nyh polnomochiy na osnove federal'nyh normativnyh aktov. Slozhivshayasya na subkonstitucionnom urovne model' raspredeleniya kompetencii mezhdu Federaciey i ee sub'ektami dovol'no daleko evolyucionirovala ot modeli, zakreplennoy v Konstitucii Rossii, chto trebuet kompleksnogo nauchnogo osmysleniya. Cel' issledovaniya — opredelenie sformirovavsheysya k nastoyaschemu vremeni subkonstitucionnoy modeli raspredeleniya kompetencii mezhdu Rossiyskoy Federaciey i ee sub'ektami. Zadachami yavlyayutsya: vyyavlenie bazovyh elementov subkonstitucionnoy modeli; postroenie ee obschey shemy; analiz kazhdogo elementa ukazannoy modeli. Dizayn issledovaniya opredelen trehzvennoy model'yu razgranicheniya predmetov vedeniya, faktom peredachi polnomochiy mezhdu organami razlichnyh urovney vlasti, sposobami ih zakrepleniya ili peredachi. Issledovanie vklyuchaet analiz 11 elementov, vhodyaschih v model' raspredeleniya kompetencii. Avtorami primeneny formal'no-yuridicheskiy, istoricheskiy i statisticheskiy metody. Rezul'taty issledovaniya: Rossiya yavlyaetsya vysokocentralizovannoy federaciey. Predmety vedeniya Rossiyskoy Federacii dominiruyut nad predmetami sovmestnogo vedeniya Rossiyskoy Federacii i ee sub'ektov. Predmety vedeniya regionov prakticheski otsutstvuyut. Ne imeyuschaya konstitucionnoy osnovy praktika peredachi federal'nyh polnomochiy dlya osuschestvleniya organam sub'ektov Rossiyskoy Federacii putem prinyatiya federal'nogo zakona poluchila krayne aktivnoe razvitie, chto fakticheski prevraschaet dannye organy v territorial'nye podrazdeleniya federal'nyh organov. Sozdanie sobstvennyh regional'nyh polnomochiy ogranicheno kak v svyazi s bezdeystviem bol'shinstva sub'ektov Rossiyskoy Federacii, tak i vvidu sokrascheniya sfer, ne uregulirovannyh federal'nym zakonodatel'stvom.
Keywords:
federalizm, centralizaciya, kompetenciya Rossiyskoy Federacii, kompetenciya sub'ektov Rossiyskoy Federacii, razgranichenie predmetov vedeniya i polnomochiy v Rossiyskoy Federacii, peredacha polnomochiy, soglashenie o peredache polnomochiy
federalizm, centralizaciya, kompetenciya Rossiyskoy Federacii, kompetenciya sub'ektov Rossiyskoy Federacii, razgranichenie predmetov vedeniya i polnomochiy v Rossiyskoy Federacii, peredacha polnomochiy, soglashenie o peredache polnomochiy
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